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Batt Exam > Biochem > Flashcards

Biochem Flashcards

1
Q

B-N-glycosidic bond is formed between

A

CYTOSINE AND RIBOSE

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2
Q

Which of the following groups of chemical elements are considered as trace elements?

A

Se, Fe, Cu, Zn

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3
Q

What is the buffer systems in the blood is regulated by the lungs and kidneys?

A

BICARBONATE BUFFER SYSTEM

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4
Q

Which is the true of a replicating segment of eukaryotic DNA that has three origins of replication?

A

THERE WILL BE 6 REPLICATION FORKS

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5
Q

What happens to the Carboxyl group when it donates a proton?

A

NEGATIVELY CHARGED

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6
Q

The chirality of an amino acid results from the fact that it’s a carbon

A

IS BONDED TO FOUR DIFFERENT CHEMICAL GROUPS

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7
Q

True or False (Protonated form of an amino acid)

ALL HYDROGEN IONS ARE
ATTACHED (because, hydrogen are protons)

A

True

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8
Q

Specific type of covalent bond that links several amino acids together to form peptides or proteins

A

PEPTIDE BOND

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9
Q

Of the 20 standard amino acids, only () is not optically active. The reason is that its side chain ().

A

GLYCINE; is a hydrogen atom

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10
Q

The PO4 end of the DNA is also known as

A

5- PRIME END

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11
Q

The resonance structure that can be drawn for the peptide bond indicate that the peptide bond

A

HAS PARTIAL DOUBLE BOND CHARACTER

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12
Q

Packaging site of cellular secretions:

A

GOLGI

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13
Q

Why is pKa an important property of a compound?

A

IT IS THE ABILITY OF A COMPOUND TO TAKE UP OR DONATE PROTONS INTO SOLUTION

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14
Q

It protects the separated DNA from destruction by nucleases?

A

SSB

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15
Q

When two cysteine molecules dimerize, what happens to the R groups present?

A

THEY REACT WITH EACH OTHER TO PRODUCE A COVALENT DISULFIDE

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16
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

POLYPEPTIDES CAN FORM UNLIMITED NUMBER OF CONFIGURATIONS

A

FALSE

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17
Q

Two amino acids of the standard 20 contain sulfur atoms. They are:

A

CYSTEINE and METHIONINE

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18
Q

The chromosome of a bacterium has 22 percent guanine. What is the percent composition of cytosine in this chromosome?

A

22

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19
Q

What class of lipids is usually present in biological membranes?

A

PHOSPHOLIPIDS

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20
Q

What cation serves as a co-factor and is required by the DNA polymerase for its activity?

A

Mg

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21
Q

What forms phosphodiester bonds between fragment of DNA during replication?

A

DNA LIGASE

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22
Q

Unfolding of a protein can be termed as

A

DENATURATION

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23
Q

In condensation process, how many hydrogen atoms are removed?

A

2

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24
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

SINGLE-STRANDED DNA THE TOTAL NUMBER OF PURINES IS NOT EQUAL TOTAL NUMBER OF PYRIMIDINES

A

TRUE

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25
Q

Amino acids that cannot participate in hydrogen bonding?

A

VALINE

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26
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

PEPTIDE NOMENCLATURE C-TERMINAL AMINO ACID RESIDUE KEEPS ITS FULL AMINO ACID NAME

A

TRUE

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27
Q

Amino acid containing nonpolar, aliphatic R groups

A

Ala, Leu and Gly

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28
Q

The following is made up of nucleotides?

A

COENZYME, CYCLIC-AMP, ATP

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29
Q

It is the amount of heat, per unit mass of liquid, required to raise the temperature by one degree Celsius.

A

SPECIFIC HEAT

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30
Q

What is the amino acids is the most hydrophobic in nature?

A

LEUCINE

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31
Q
A
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32
Q

Which is true about DNA denaturation?

A

IT OCCURS BY HEATING

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33
Q

If the NH2 group is oriented to the right it is a

A

D ISOMER

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34
Q

Which is an RNA sequence?

A

A AND U; G AND C

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35
Q

What type of amino acid R group is involved in Electrostatic interaction interactions that contribute to tertiary protein structure?

A

ACIDIC AND BASIC R GROUP

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36
Q

What is the correct classification of polysaccharides?

A

STORAGE AND STRUCTURAL

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37
Q

are conjugated proteins that contain carbohydrates or carbohydrate derivatives in addition to amino acids

A

GLYCOPROTEINS

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38
Q

What is the name of the organic molecule that contains a carboxyl group and amino group?

A

PROTEIN, AMINO ACID

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39
Q

What are places where protein play an important role?

A

ENZYME PRODUCTION

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40
Q

If pK1= 2.34 and pK2 = 9.60, then the isoelectric point pI is?

A

5.97

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41
Q

Proteins that are generally insoluble in water and they are involved in structural functions

A

FIBROUS PROTEIN

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42
Q

What is considered as the 21st amino acid?

A

SELENOCYSTEINE

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43
Q

What liquids has the highest specific heat?

A

WATER

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44
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

THE QUARTENARY STRUCTURE IS RELATED TO THE BASIC LINEAR STRUCTURE OF A PROTEIN

A

FALSE

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45
Q

The two strands of the DNA helix are held together by

A

HYDROGEN BONDS BETWEEN THE BASES

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46
Q

What groups of chemicals can be used to denature proteins?

A

ALKALOIDAL REAGENTS, INORGANIC ACIDS, HEAVY METALS

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47
Q

Adenine forms a covalent bond with a nucleic sugar at

A

N9

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48
Q

A type of protein structure which involves the associations among the peptide chains present in a multimeric protein

A

QUARTERNARY

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49
Q

In eukaryotes, histones can bind with DNA because histones have amino acids that are

A

POSITIVELY CHARGED

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50
Q

Amino acid with hydroxyl OH group include

A

TYROSINE

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51
Q

Which of the following is not the classified form of conjugated proteins?

A

COMPLETE PROTEINS

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52
Q

It is a process of modifying the molecular structure of a protein. It involves the breaking of many of the weak linkages, or bonds (e.g., hydrogen bonds), within a protein molecule that are responsible for the highly ordered structure of the protein in its natural (native) state.

A

DENATURATION

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53
Q

It provides the OH group to which the DNA polymerase adds the new nucleotide to the growing DNA strand?

A

RNA PRIMER

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54
Q

In DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for the elongation of the new DNA strand?

A

DNA POL III

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55
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

observed in the experiment that showed that DNA replication is semiconservative, The daughter DNAs in the first replication consisted of parent double-stranded DNA (15N strand-15N strand) and a DNA having two new strands (14N strand-14N strand).

A

FALSE

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56
Q

Defined as the amount of heat needed to turn 1g of a liquid into a vapor.

A

HEAT OF VAPORIZATION

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57
Q

Which is a pyrimidine in the DNA?

A

THYMINE

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58
Q

What is an example of Fibrous protein?

A

COLLAGEN

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59
Q

Zwitterions are?

A

EXIST IN A NEUTRAL pH

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60
Q

The monomers of nucleic acids are

A

NUCLEOTIDES

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61
Q

What introduces a swivel point in advance of the replication fork to relieve the torsional strain caused by unwinding of the DNA double helix?

A

TOPOISOMERASE

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62
Q

A buffer solution is composed of 0.25M acetic acid and 1.20M sodium acetate. What would be the pH of the solution? Select the closest value. (pka of acetic acid is 4.74)

A

5.00

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63
Q

This hormone is also called as Anti-Diuretic Hormone and contains 9 amino acid residues

A

VASOPRESSIN

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64
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

IN AN A-HELIX, ALL THE AMINO ACID R GROUPS LIE OUTSIDE THE HELIX

A

TRUE

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65
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

The following are arranged in order of molecular complexity (start from the the most complex level):

ORGANELLE > SUPRAMOLECULAR COMPLEX > BIOMOLECULES > METABOLITES > INORGANIC PRECURSORS

A

TRUE

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66
Q

The three-letter abbreviation for the amino acid asparagine is

A

ASN

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67
Q

It refers to particularly stable arrangements of amino acid residues in a protein that give rise to recurring patterns?

A

SECONDARY STRUCTURE

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68
Q

Which part of the amino acid gives it uniqueness?

A

SIDE CHAIN

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69
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Polarity compounds are also “water-loving”

A

TRUE

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70
Q

TRUE OR FALSE (LAGGING STRAND)

THE DIRECTION OF SYNTHESIS IS TOWARD THE REPLICATION FORK

A

FALSE

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71
Q

Amino acid are ampholytes because they can function as either a(n)

A

ACID OR BASE

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72
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

EUKARYOTES REQUIRE RNA PRIMERS BUT PROKARYOTES DO NOT

A

FALSE

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73
Q

What amino acid has indole ring in its side chain?

A

TRYPTOPHAN

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74
Q

The acid component of the buffer:

A

ADDS MORE H+ TO THE SOLUTION, RELEASE H+

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75
Q

The smallest amino acid is

A

GLYCINE

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76
Q

Which pair of amino acid absorbs the UV light at 280nm?

A

TRP AND TYR

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77
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Both a-helix and b-pleated sheet structures can be present in the same protein.

A

TRUE

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78
Q

Which base pair is not found in DNA?

A

ADENINE- GUANINE

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79
Q

TRUE OR FALSE (SIDE CHAIN OF AMINO ACID)

ARE ALWAYS CHARGED AND PRESENT IN ALL AMINO ACID

A

TRUE

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80
Q

Peptide bond is a?

A

COVALENT BOND

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81
Q

RESULTS IN HYDROPHILIC EXTERIOR

A

PROTEIN FOLDING

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82
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Proteins with different functions usually differ significantly in their amino acid composition

A

TRUE

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83
Q

A branch of science that describes the molecular nature of life processes.

A

BIOCHEMISTRY

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84
Q

Amino acids are building blocks of

A

PROTEIN AND POLYPEPTIDES

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85
Q

The peptide bond in proteins is

A

PLANAR, USUALLY FOUND IN TRANS CONFORMATION

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86
Q

The site of formation of new DNA is called

A

REPLICATION FORK

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87
Q

Derivatives of purines and pyrimidines that have a sugar linked to a ring nitrogen

A

NUCLEOSIDES

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88
Q

What amino acids is the uncharged derivative of an acidic amino acid?

A

GLUTAMINE

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89
Q

Specific type of covalent bond that links several monosaccharides together to form carbohydrates.

A

GLYCOSIDIC BOND

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90
Q

This is an important small organic biochemical compound that supplies energy to numerous chemical reactions.

A

ATP

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91
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

required in DNA synthesis: dUTP

A

FALSE

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92
Q

Ten base pairs per complete turn of the helix is a characteristic of

A

B-DNA

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93
Q

The alpha helix is an example of which of the following structural properties of proteins?

A

SECONDARY

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94
Q

Command center of the cell:

A

NUCLEUS

95
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

the sugar in DNA: LACKS O AT C1-PRIME

A

FALSE

96
Q

What happens if the pH of the solution is greater than the pKa of the amino acid?

A

AMINO ACID WILL BE DEPROTONATED

97
Q

Arrange the following in order of molecular complexity (start from the simplest level):

A

METABOLITES > MONOSACCHARIDES > RIBOSOMAL COMPLEX > CELL

98
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

THE TWO COILED STRANDS OF DNA RUN IN PARALLEL DIRECTIONS

A

FALSE

99
Q

Which of the following is not a pentose?

A

FRUCTOSE

100
Q

A Polysaccharide which is often called animal starch is

A

GLYCOGEN

101
Q

Interconversion of α form to β form

A

MUTAROTATION

102
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

characteristic of the genetic code: OVERLAPPING

A

FALSE

103
Q

What causes formation of highly reactive free radicals in the DNA?

A

X-RAY

104
Q

The removal of incorrect nucleotides immediately after they are added to the growing DNA during replication is known as

A

PROOFREADING

105
Q

How many possible codons code for amino acids?

A

61

106
Q

In DNA extraction, which of the following chemicals dissolve the membrane components of the cell?

A

DETERGENTS

107
Q

What strand of the DNA has the gene base sequence that specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein?

A

SENSE STRAND

108
Q

With regards to the Michaelis-Menten equation, a molecule that has the effect of increasing the Vmax start text, end text, start subscript, m, a, x, end subscript of a reaction upon binding to an enzyme would be called what?

A

ACTIVATOR

109
Q

What repair mechanism involves photolyase, which removes the covalent bond between pyrimidine dimmers?

A

LIGHT REPAIR

110
Q

What is the linkage that is formed when two monosaccharides react to form a disaccharide?

A

GLYCOSIDIC LINKAGE (because,
monosaccharides)

111
Q

What repair mechanism must recognize the methylated DNA strand to properly repair an error in DNA base pairing?

A

MISMATCH REPAIR

112
Q

In DNA extraction, addition of lysis solution will:

A

ELIMINATE PROTEINS AND LIPIDS

113
Q

These sugars cannot be hydrolyzed into simpler carbohydrates

A

MONOSACCHARIDES

114
Q

What feature does a carbohydrate possessed that generates stereoisomerism?

A

PRESENCE OF CHIRAL CENTER

115
Q

RNA splicing is involved in

A

REMOVAL OF INTRONS IN THE PRIMARY TRANSCRIPT

116
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

TEMPLATE – DOUBLE STRANDED DNA (ALL THROUGHOUT THE REACTION)

A

FALSE

117
Q

Which of the following compounds IS NOT considered as an irreversible inhibitor?

A

METHOTREXATE

118
Q

Primer used for the process of polymerase chain reaction are ()

A

SINGLE STRANDED DNA OLIGONUCLEOTIDE

119
Q

A solution that contains DNA fragments of known lengths in base pairs.

A

DNA LADDER

120
Q

The DNA or RNA used in a PCR reaction serves as the:

A

TEMPLATE

121
Q

What sugar is the major metabolic fuel of mammals?

A

GLUCOSE

122
Q

What is the major difference between glucose and fructose?

A

TYPE OF CARBONYL FUNCTIONAL GROUP

123
Q

What are the two different glucose- containing polysaccharides can be isolated from starch?

A

AMYLOSE; AMYLOPECTIN

124
Q

The monosaccharide units are linked by α 1- 4 glycosidic linkage in

A

MALTOSE

125
Q

Which of the following describes the relationship between the linear forms of D- glucose and D-galactose that differ only in stereochemical configuration at the fourth carbon?

A

THEY ARE EPIMERS

126
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

modification that occurs after synthesis of a polypeptide: ADDITION OF A 5’ CAP

A

FALSE

127
Q

What enzyme classes catalyze reactions in which two molecules become dissociated from each other?

A

HYDROLASE

128
Q

Which of the statements regarding enzymes is UNACCEPTABLE?

A

ENZYME ACTIVITY CANNOT BE REGULATED

129
Q

It is the simplest sugar

A

DEHYDROXYACETONE

130
Q

What RNA is NOT involved in the translation process?

A

snRNA

131
Q

The genetic code is found in

A

mRNA

132
Q

In RNA synthesis, the DNA template must be separated. Which of the following separates the DNA strands?

A

SIGMA SUBUNIT OF RNA POLYMERASE

133
Q

In a cyclic structure, this linkage is formed by reacting the aldehyde group and a hydroxyl group

A

HEMIACETAL

134
Q

The anticodon is found in

A

tRNA

135
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

IN EUKARYOTES, THERE IS EVIDENCE THAT RIBOSOMES ARE PRESENT IN THE NUCLEUS

A

TRUE

136
Q

Penicillin is an example of what type of enzyme inhibitor?

A

IRREVERSIBLE

137
Q

What stains can be used to visualize DNA gel electrophoresis band?

A

ANY FLUORESCENT DYE THAT HAS AFFINITY WITH DNA

138
Q

What eliminates protein in the sample during DNA extraction?

A

PROTEINASE K

139
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

transcription in prokaryotes: DNA PRIMER IS USED INSTEAD OF RNA PRIMER

A

FALSE

140
Q

The part of the enzyme where the substrate binds is called the:

A

ACTIVE SITE

141
Q

When DNA copies are multiplied at a rapid rate, this is referred to as () amplification.

A

EXPONENTIAL

142
Q

An amylose polymer and a glycogen polymer, each containing 100 monosaccharide subunits, are cleaved completely by an enzyme. How many individual glucose molecules are created during this process?

A

200

143
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

D- and L- isomerism: The orientation of the -OH groups at the highest numbered chiral determines whether the sugar belongs to the D or L series

A

TRUE

144
Q

The first aminoacyl-tRNA that binds the ribosome during protein synthesis in prokaryotes is:

A

fmet – tRNA

145
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

RNA polymerase in prokaryotes: The sigma subunit is responsible for the termination of transcription

A

FALSE

146
Q

What enzyme activates amino acids prior to protein synthesis?

A

AMINO ACYL – tRNAsynthetase

147
Q

It is a protein molecule that has one or more carbohydrate units covalently bonded to it

A

GLYCOPROTEIN

148
Q

What enzyme classes catalyze reactions in which two molecules are covalently connected to each other?

A

LIGASE

149
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

RNA synthesis in eukaryotes: ONLY ONE RNA POLYMERASE IS INVOLVED

A

FALSE

150
Q

The -10 region of prokaryotic promoter is also known as

A

PRIBNOW BOX

151
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

polysaccharides glycogen and cellulose: ONLY GLYCOGEN MOLECULES HAVE BRANCHING REGIONS

A

TRUE

152
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

migration of biomolecules: RATE OF MIGRATION IS DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO CURRENT

A

TRUE

153
Q

Termination of transcription is facilitated by

A

RHO PROTEIN

154
Q

The relationship between an enzyme and a substrate molecule can best be described as:

A

A TEMPORARY ASSOCIATION

155
Q

Which carries the amino-acid to the ribosomes during protein synthesis?

A

tRNA

156
Q

The basic steps in protein synthesis are the same for both prokaryote and eukaryote. One difference is

A

THE FORMATION OF POLYSOMES

157
Q

An equipment used in PCR that is programmed to shift the levels of temperature giving way to the three stages of PCR cycles:

A

THERMAL CYCLER

158
Q

What name is given to any (organic or inorganic) nonprotein portion of an enzyme?

A

COFACTOR

159
Q

What cannot be oxidized by Benedict’s and Fehling’s reagents?

A

SUCROSE

160
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

enzymes increase the rate of reaction by stabilizing the transition state

A

TRUE

161
Q

They are sugars in which the terminal carbon’s hydroxyl group has been oxidized to a carboxylic acid

A

URONIC ACID

162
Q

The eukaryote small ribosomal subunit is

A

40S

163
Q

A PCR reaction that continues for 30 cycles will produce approximately how many PCR products from a single template DNA molecule?

A

APPROXIMATELY 1 BILLION

164
Q

Temperature level required for elongation step of PCR: Choose the closest range.

A

70-75° C

165
Q

For each generation of each cell, how many rounds of replication occur?

A

ONE

166
Q

At least how many cycles of PCR are needed to produce an adequate amount of DNA strands?

A

30

167
Q

It is a polysaccharide in which only one type of monosaccharide monomer is present

A

HOMOPOLYSACCHARIDE

168
Q

What structural feature distinguishes an aldose and a ketose?

A

AN ALDOSE POSSESS AN ALDEHYDE GROUP, AND A KETOSE POSSESS A KETONE GROUP

169
Q

The initiating codon in for most translation processes is

A

AUG

170
Q

What compounds is a COMPETITIVE INHIBITOR to dihydrofolate reductase?

A

METHOTREXATE

171
Q

Carbohydrates is made up of different components such as

A

CARBON, HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN

172
Q

What is the effect of UVL in the DNA?

A

IT WILL CAUSE PYRIMIDINE DIMER FUNCTION

173
Q

At the initiation stage of protein synthesis, fmet-tRNA binds to this site of the big ribosomal subunit

A

p

174
Q

In prokaryotes, the small ribosomal subunit uses this as a guide to find the first codon to be translated

A

SHINE DALGARNO SEQUENCE

175
Q

What is meant when it is said that carbohydrates are optically active compounds?

A

A SOLUTION OF CARBOHYDRATE WILL ROTATE THE PLANE OF POLARIZED LIGHT

176
Q

S-Adenosyl methionine (SAM) is a molecule utilized in various metabolic pathways to transfer methyl groups from SAM to an acceptor. What is the proper designation of the complex of SAM and its enzyme together?

A

HOLOENZYME

177
Q

The big subunit of the prokaryotic ribosome is

A

50S

178
Q

In sequential order, what are the three steps of PCR?

A

DENATURE DNA, ANNEAL PRIMERS, EXTEND PRIMER/ DNA

179
Q

The transition state of a catalyzed reaction is

A

LOWER IN ENERGY THAN THAT OF AN UNCATALYZED REACTION

180
Q

What sugar rotates at +66.5°?

A

SUCROSE

181
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

following terminate protein synthesis: UUA

A

FALSE

182
Q

Prior to a marathon run, an athlete consumes a large amount of complex carbohydrates to do what is known as “carbohydrate loading”. What happens in the body to the glucose molecules present in these complex carbohydrates? (additional 30s)

A

The complex carbohydrates are broken down to glucose and any excess glucose, not used for immediate energy, is stored in the form of glycogen, which can be used later as a source of stored energy.

183
Q

What enzyme is directly responsible in ATP production during chemiosmosis?

A

ATP SYNTHASE

184
Q

What is the process that releases energy?

A

CATABOLISM

185
Q

The main function of this compound is the transfer of long-chain fatty acids to mitochondria for subsequent β-oxidation.

A

CARNITINE

186
Q

Vitamin B2 is also known as

A

RIBOFLAVIN

187
Q

What is associated with a negative nitrogen balance?

A

STARVATION

188
Q

In a eukaryotic cell, glycolysis takes place in the:

A

CYTOPLASM

189
Q

What is the effect of Vitamin D to blood calcium levels?

A

IT INCREASES BLOOD CALCIUM

190
Q

This is the active form of Vitamin D:

A

1,25 – DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D

191
Q

What is the chemical structure of a biological wax?

A

A MONOESTER FROM LONG CHAIN ALCOHOL AND LONG CHAIN CARBOXYLIC ACID

192
Q

Arrange the following steps of beta- oxidation in the correct order:
I. hydration across the double bond to put a hydroxyl group on carbon 3 in the L configuration;
II. thiolytic cleavage to release acetyl-CoA and a fatty acid two carbons shorter than the starting one.
III. dehydrogenation to create FADH2FADH2 and a fatty acyl group with a double bond in the trans configuration;
IV. Oxidation of the hydroxyl group to make a ketone;

A

III > I > IV > II

193
Q

What is needed from the Krebs Cycle in order for the Electron Transport Chain to occur?

A

FADH2/ NADH

194
Q

Creatures utilizing inorganic compounds as electron/ hydrogen donors

A

LITHOTROPHS

195
Q

Creatures that use organic compound as electron/hydrogendonors

A

ORGANOTROPHS

196
Q

NOT produced in pentose phosphate pathway?

A

GLUCOSE – 6 – P

197
Q

Which of the following amino acids DO NOT participate in the synthesis of glucose?

A

K, L

198
Q

The only membrane bound enzyme in the citric acid cycle is ()

A

SUCCINATE DEHYDROGENASE

199
Q

Movement across the membrane is against the concentration gradient

A

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

200
Q

Match the following high-energy yield molecules with the number of equivalent ATPs as they travel along electron transport chain.

A

-FADH2 → 1.5-2.0 ATPs
-NADH → 2.5-3.0 ATPs

201
Q

NADPH is used by most cells as

A

A REDUCING AGENT IN DETOXIFICATION REACTIONS

202
Q

What happens during the first step of beta- oxidation?

A

FORMATION OF FATTY ACYL – CoA

203
Q

Which high energy intermediate can generate more ATP through the electron transport chain?

A

NADH

204
Q

The conversion to active form of Vitamin D happens in what organ?

A

KIDNEYS

205
Q

In Anabolism, larger molecules are () from smaller ones, requiring input of energy.

A

SYNTHESIZED

206
Q

What is the relationship between carbon chain length and melting point for fatty acids?

A

AS A CARBON CHAIN LEGTH INCREASES, MELTING POINT INCREASES

207
Q

Where does the electron transport chain happen?

A

MITONCHONDRIAL MATRIX

208
Q

vitamin K-dependent proteins have anticoagulation/ anti-clotting effect?

A

PROTEIN S

209
Q

In fatty acid synthesis, acetyl-CoA must be converted into this compound in order to get to the cytoplasm (from the mitochondrion). This compound is:

A

CITRATE

210
Q

What membrane lipids does not contain a head and two tails structure?

A

CHOLESTEROL

211
Q

Which portion of aerobic respiration results in the greatest amount of ATP production?

A

OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION

212
Q

Where is beta oxidation taking place in mammals?

A

MITOCHONDRIA

213
Q

The totality of an organism’s chemical reactions is called:

A

METABOLISM

214
Q

It is a process wherein carbon-carbon double bonds are broken down thus producing short chain aldehyde and carboxylic acid products

A

OXIDATION

215
Q

What products of Krebs’s Cycle are essential for oxidative phosphorylation?

A

NADH AND FADH2

216
Q

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Vitamin C?

A

FACILITATES DEGRADATION OF COLLAGEN

217
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CONTRIBUTES TO REDUCED BLOOD CHOLESTEROL LEVELS

A

FALSE

218
Q

Beta oxidation, the process by which fatty acids are broken down for energy production, takes place where?

A

MITOCHONDRIA ONLY

219
Q

Gluconeogenesis involves the conversion of

A

PYRUVATE TO GLUCOSE

220
Q

Lysine and threonine are amino acids that can be degraded directly into Acetyl- CoAwhich is used to synthesize fatty acids and ketoacids. These amino acids are characterized as:

A

KETOGENIC AMINO ACIDS

221
Q

ARE MORE STABLE THAN WATER – SOLUBLE VITAMINS

A

Fat-soluble vitamins

222
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

SPHINGOPHOSPHOLIPIDS’ CARBON CHAIN CONTAIN 20 CARBON ATOMS

A

FALSE

223
Q

Sphingosine plus fatty acid is known as

A

CERAMIDE

224
Q

CAN BE FOUND IN CITRUS FRUITS

A

Water-soluble vitamins

225
Q

What is the major lipid-soluble antioxidant?

A

VITAMIN E

226
Q

Sphingoglycolipid is made up of

A

SPHINGOSINE, FATTY ACID AND MONOSACCHARIDE

227
Q

This means that the intake of nitrogen into the body is greater than the loss of nitrogen from the body, so there is an increase in the total body pool of protein.

A

POSITIVE NITROGEN BALANCE

228
Q

TRUE OR FASLE

SATURATED FATTY ACID ARE STRAIGHT CHAIN; SOLID AT ROOM TEMPERATURE; HIGH MELTING POINT

A

TRUE

229
Q

What is the product of electron transport chain mechanism?

A

WATER

230
Q

What is the final product of beta-oxidation of fatty acids?

A

ACETYL COA

231
Q

What type of metabolism is demonstrated in the reaction below? single protein strand –> many amino acids

A

CATABOLISM

232
Q

Correctly classify the following amino acids according to their role in gluconeogenesis(glucogenic) and ketogenesis (ketogenic).

A

-glycine → glucogenic only
-lysine → ketogenic only
-phenylalanine → both glucogenic and ketogenic

233
Q
A

Batt Exam (8 decks)

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