Anaphy Flashcards
Which of the following is the synapse between a somatic motor neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber?
Neuromuscular Junction
What organelle digests worn-out organelles and extracellular materials?
Lysosome
The special properties of muscular tissue;
The ability to generate tension to do work
Contractility
Body fluid that is found between cells in tissue
Interstitial fluid
A cellular structure with specific function
Organelle
Type of muscle contraction where there is constant tension, but the muscle fiber length shortens
Concentric Contraction
Which of the following is not considered to be a flat bone
Vertebrates
Siin aging may be attributed to which of the following?
A. Loss of skin elasticity
B. Loss of fat in the dermis
C. Decrease in the number of collagen bundles
D. All of the above
E. A and C
D.
The substance that gives bone tissue its disctinct hardness
Hydroxyapatite
The following are true of parathyroid hormone, EXCEPT:
Produced in the thyroid gland
Not a function of the skeletal system
Production of Calcitonin
When someone tells you to lie on your stomach, this movement is called?
Pronation
Muscle Contraction occurs because cross-bridges attach to and “walk” along the thin filaments at both ends of a sarcomere, what happens to the sarcomere in this situation?
It expands
Muscle type that has a shape that is elongated with blunt ends
Skeletal muscle
Structural unit of compact bone
Osteon
Production of gamete occurs through
Mitosis
Which of the following is the skeletal muscle fiber’s contractile unit?
Myofibril
During childhood, long bones grow wider due to:
Osteoblast activity at bone surface
These cells participate in normalizing Ca levels in the body by releasing calcium stores in the skeletal system.
Osteoclast
Level of study under Human Structural Biology involving easily observable large structures is () Anatomy.
Gross
What step in protein synthesis means to copy into a complementary sequence of codons in a strand of RNA?
Transcription
Anatomy is the study of () and Physiology is the study of ()
Structure; Function
What is the thickest layer of the epidermis?
Stratum Spinosum
Which of the following muscles is named after its shape?
Procerus
Which of the following is true regarding skeletal muscles?
The greater the length of muscle fibers, the wider the range of motion
Estrogen has the following effects on the growing skeleton EXCEPT:
Increase in the height of the pelvis compared to males
Elongation of long bones during childhood takes place at the:
Metaphyses
What layer of the epidermis contains keratohyalin granules?
Stratum Granulosum
Which of the following best describes a muscle?
The muscle constitute 40-50% of total body weight.
The main parts of a cell are the:
Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane
The following are structures that make up the Peripheral Nervous System.
Spinal Cord
Melanin against UV light is what function of the skin?
protection
Vasodilatation of superficial blood vessels on the cheeks is an example of what function of the skin?
Thermoregulation
This color is due to the oxygen carrying pigment of RBC
Hemoglobin
It attaches bone to bone
ligament
Why is ATP important?
ATP is our body’s energy transferring source
The normal adult human skeleton has how many bones?
206
What is the sum of all the chemical processes that occur in the body?
metabolism
skeletal muscle may attach to bone or to other muscle, which of the following attachments is ropelike in shape?
Tendon
Which one of the following descriptions do not define a body in anatomical position?
Palms turned backward
Which of the following is the skeletal muscle fiber’s specialized endoplasmic reticulum?
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Which of the following is the thin contractile protein?
Actin
What layer of the epidermis is NOT found in thin skin?
Stratum Lucidum
Which of the following is the major cell of skeletal muscles?
Skeletal Muscle Fiber
Calcium is needed for the proper functioning of the following, EXCEPT:
A. Nervous System
B. Heart Contraction
C. Blood Clotting
D. All of the Above
E. None of the above
D. all of the above
Which of the following is NOT a short bone?
Hyoid
Which of the following is the skeletal muscle fiber’s cytoplasm?
Sarcoplasm
Which of the following is NOT TRUE?
Osteoclast: maintains bone matrix
Which of the following best describes a skeletal muscle?
This muscle is striated and voluntary
Which of the following is the skeletal muscle fiber’s plasma membrane?
Sarcolemma
The parietal bones form via intramembranous ossification. This means that during development the following structures are present, EXCEPT
Hyaline Template
Sebaceous gland secretion provides the following benefit/s:
A. Inhibits bacterial growth
B. Skin becomes soft
C. Prevents dryness
D. None of the above
E. All of the above
E. all of the above
Which organ system is involved in allowing locomotion and maintaining posture?
Muscular
It is the visible portion of a nail.
Nail Body
Which of the following muscles has 3 bellies?
Triceps brachii
Membrane that lines the medullary cavity.
Endosteum
In reference to its attachment to the shoulder, the elbow is () to the wrist.
Proximal
The tough connective tissue containing osteoprogenitor cells found in the outer surface of bones is called the:
Periosteum
Severe infection of bones commonly caused by S.aureus
Osteomyelitis
This is a term ensuring that the body’s internal environment remains constant despite changes inside and outside the body
Homeostasis
This is the layer where appendages like hair follicles are found.
Reticular dermis
The beginning of the formation of the cleave furrow is observed in what stage of mitosis?
Anaphase
What layer of epidermis is the source of new cells and shows plenty of mitotic figures?
Stratum Basale
Tissue type seen lining surfaces and body cavities.
Epithelial
The lungs are located in which cavity of the body?
Thoracic
All of the following are fibrous articulation, EXCEPT:
Synchondrosis
The following are found in trabeculae, EXCEPT:
A. Lamellae
B. Water
C. Lacunae
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
E. none of the above
Why is the nucleus so important in the life of a cell?
It directs most cellular activities.
What layer of the epidermis displays mostly dead and dying keratinocytes?
Stratum Corneum
What event in the somatic cell division describes the cell as not dividing and just replicating DNA?
Interphase
What membrane modification found at the apical surfaces of cells function for movement?
Cilia
In describing the special properties of muscular tissues, extensibility refers to:
The ability to be stretched beyond original length.
The ability to be stretched beyond original length.
10
The action of this/these muscle type/s is/are involuntary
Cardiac and smooth muscle
True or False
Vitamin C is needed for strong bones. This statement is
True. Vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis, which in turn gives bones its tensile strength
When the cross-bridge generates force as it rotates toward the center of the sarcomere, you call this the:
Power stroke
Muscle cells having multiple and peripherally located nuclei.
Skeletal
What fundamental tissue type is the liver?
Epithelial
Which of the following best describes a cardiac muscle?
This muscle tissue is striated and involuntary
Hair is heavily distributed in the following EXCEPT
Soles
Adipose tissue is classified as what fundamental tissue type?
Connective
Selective permeability is the
Ability of the plasma membrane to control passage of certain materials into and out of the cell
In Endochondral ossification, what major process takes place in the diaphysis but not the epiphysis?
Formation of Medullary Cavity
Intercalated discs are found in this muscle type/s
Cardiac
Which of the following is a long bone?
Distal phalanx, 2nd toe, left
What is the movement that forms an acute angle between approximating body parts?
Flexion
What are non-straited muscles?
Smooth
In describing the special properties of muscular tissues, electrical excitability refers to:
The property of responding to stimuli by producing action potentials
It is the movement from a higher to a lower water molecule concentration across a selectively permeable membrane
Osmosis
Which of the following is the thick contractile protein?
Myosin
What parenchyma of connective tissue produces collagen and elastic fibers?
Fobroblasts
Skeletal muscles may attach to bone or to other muscle, which of the following is wide and flat?
Aponeurosis
Microscopically, spongy bone is composed of tree trunk shaped repeating units called
A. Medullary System
B. Osteons
C. Haversian System
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
E. None of the above
The forehead is () to the nose.
Superior
In describing properties of muscular tissues, elasticity refers to
The ability to return to original shape after contraction or extension.
Which is NOT a function of the nucleus?
Produce most of the cell’s ATP
What shape of cell is described as taller that they are wide?
Columnar
What shape of cell is described as taller that they are wide?
Columnar
Which of the following best describes a smooth muscle?
This muscle is nonstriated and involuntary
These cells are capable of cell division and mature into bone-forming cells
Osteoprogenitor cells
Two or more atoms joined together is define as
Molecule
The amount of air that can be taken in forcibly over the tidal volume.
Irv
Which of the following is not a structure in a respiratory zone?
Terminal Bronchiole
Thoracic nerves have the following number of pairs
12
Taste buds are located in the
A. Soft Palate
B. Tongue
C. Pharynx
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
D. All of the above
Rest and digest responses are regulated by the:
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Leukocytes that increase in number during chronic infections such as tuberculosis
Monocytes
Pertains to the colored portion of the eyeball
Iris
Drains lymph from both legs, pelvic and abdominal cavities, left hail of the thorax, head, neck and left arm
Thoracic Duct
This nuclei in the midbrain is associated with Parkinson’s disease
Substania Nigra
The primary visual areas are located in which part of the brain
Occipital Lobes
Formed elements of the blood that is responsible in transporting oxygen
Erythrocytes
Location of the primary olfactory area in the cerebral cortex where interpretation of
“smell” takes place.
Temporal Lobe
Considered as the universal donor.
Blood type O
In the peripheral nervous system, somatic and sensory senses are modulated by the:
Autonomic Nervous System
Oxygen is primarily transported by the blood through:
Hemoglobin in the RBC
A respiratory rate of 40- 80 per minute is considered normal in this age
Newborn
The primary chemical factor that influences the respiratory rate and depth:
Carbon Dioxide
Sweet taste may be sensed in which portion(s) of the tongue
All over the tongue
The largest paranasal sinus:
Maxillary Sinusn
Which organ is located in the Neck and Superior Mediastinum
Trachea
What do you call the type of pain when a person having a heart attack complained of unusual sensation on the medial aspect of his left arm?
Referred pain
This structure supplies a segment of a lung:
Tertiary Bronchus
This structure extends from the middle ear into the nasopharynx to regulate air pressure in the middle ear.
Eustachian Tube
Melatonin is produced in the:
Pineal Gland
Area of respiratory center where the basic rhythm of respiration is established to produce repetitive inspiration and expiration in silent respiration:
Medullary Rhythmicity Area
Factors that increase the heart rate, EXCEPT:
Decreased Venous Return
In this visual pathology, the eyeball is longer. Images of the seen world then falls in front of the retina.
Myopia
Area of the eye with the greatest refractive power.
Cornea
Primary location of the olfactory mucosa within the nasal cavity proper:
Roof
This part of the brain controls posture, balance and smoothes and coordinates skeletal muscle movements:
Cerebellum
The following characteristics of the heart are true, EXCEPT;
Around 280- 340 Grams in Females
This structure belongs to the fibrous tunic of the eye:
Sclera
Location of neural center for respiratory in the brain:
Medulla Oblongata and Poms
This layer is considered as the visceral pericardium of the heart.
Epicardium
Opening of the eustachian tube located in:
Nasopharynx
The hypothalamus is part of the
Diencephalon
These types of receptors are found deep in the dermis, ligaments, and tendons. They are sensitive to stretching.
Ruffini Corpuscle
First antibody class to be secreted by plasma cells after an initial exposure to any antigen.
IgM
This type of neuroglia is seen in the CNS and produces myelin sheath.
Oligodendrocytes
Tears are produced in the lacrimal glands which are located:
Near the Upper eyelid
Which gland produces tear
Lacrimal Gland
The medulla oblongata is part of the:
Brainstem
The left and right cerebral hemispheres are separated by the:
Longitudinal Fissure
What do you call the type of pain when a patient reflexively flinched when you prick the finger during blood extraction?
Fast Pain
Lumbar nerves have the following number of pairs.
5
Lingula is located in this lobe of the lung:
Lower lobe of the Left Lung
Leukocytes that are elevated during parasitic infection and allergic reactions
Eosinophils
Area of the eye that corresponds with the blind spot.
Optic Disc
Blood vessel having only one cell layer thick walls allowing exchanges between blood and tissues.
Capillaries
The root of the lung is attached to what surface of the lung:
Mediastinal Surface
This referred to as the emotional brain
Limbic System
Special tissue of the conducting system that sets the pace of heart conduction.
Sino Atrial Node
This structure does not serve as the roof of the nasal cavity proper:
Hard Palate
These somatic receptors are located in skeletal muscles, tendons, joints and inner hair cells.
Proprioception
The nervous system is responsible for homeostasis along with:
Endocrine System
This person has a relatively higher respiratory capacity
Obese
This vessel carries unoxygenated blood
Pulmonary Artery
Clinical condition with platelet deficiency
Thrombocytopenia
Normal blood pressure of an adult.
120/80
Amount of blood pumped by each side of the heart in one minute.
Cardiac Output
This type of neuroglia is seen in the PNS and produces myelin sheath.
Schwann Cells
Fight and flight responses are regulated by the:
Sympathetic Nervous System
The brain and spinal cord are part of the:
Central Nervous System
The left and right cerebral hemispheres are connected by the:
Corpus Callosum
Total number of cranial nerves.
12
Major blood vessels that open to the left atrium.
Pulmonary Veins
Cerebrospinal fluid is produced in the
Choroid Plexus
Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide via the bloodstream
Respiratory Gas Transport
This type of conduction is seen in myelinated axons due to the nodes of ranvier
Saltatory Conduction
Cells that undergo mitosis to replace receptor cells.
Basal Cells
This division of the peripheral nervous system consists of neurons in the enteric plexuses of the gastrointestinal tract:
Enteric Nervous System
This volume is not included in computing the vital capacity:
RV
It is the alternate expansion and elastic recoil of an artery with each heartbeat and may be felt in an artery that lies near the surface or over a hard tissue.
Pulse
The first step for a sensation to occur:
A Stimulus Must Occur and Activate A Receptor
Occurrence of normal platelets in the blood per cubic millimeters.
250,000- 500,000
The roots of the spinal nerves are referred to as:
Cauda Equina
Organ that connects the larynx with the primary bronchi:
Trachea
Cardiovascular center that helps regulate heart rate and stroke volume is located in what part of the brain?
Medulla Oblongata
The primary muscle used in silent respiration
Respiratory Diaphragm
Structure that detects static equilibrium
Utricle and Saccule
Major blood vessel that leaves left ventricle
Aorta
Normal blood pH
7.35- 7.45
Of the three small ossicles of the ear, which one overlies the oval window in the labyrinth?
Stapes
Type of tongue papillae that are sensitive to touch but contain no taste buds
Filiform Papillae
Amount of serous fluid inside the pericardial cavity
100mL
Lymphoid organ located in the upper part of the mediastinum behind the sternum and upwards to the root of the neck.
Thymus
The tympanic membrane is a part of the:
External Ear
CSF circulates between the:
Arachnoid Mater and Pia Mater
Carbon dioxide is primarily transported by the blood by
Transported By Plasma in the Form of Bicarbonate Ion
Blood type whose plasma does not contain any antibodies.
Blood Types AB
Muscle/s use in forceful expiration:
A. Serratus posterior muscles
B. Internal intercostal muscle
C. Anterior abdominal muscle
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
D. All of the above
The resting membrane potential is
Negative 70 mv
Structure/s that forms the root of the lung
A. Pulmonary artery
B. Pulmonary vein
C. Primary bronchus
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
D. All of the above
Plasma proteins responsible in regulating osmotic pressure.
Albumin
The presence and movement of the laryngeal cartilage that is responsible for us to talk:
Arytenoid
Structure of the labyrinth that is concerned with balance
Semicircularis Canals
Considered to be a slowly adapting receptors:
Pain
Cervical nerves have the following number of pairs
8
The chorda tympani nerve that carries taste information from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue is a branch of which cranial nerve:
Facial Nerve (CN VII)
Heart valve found between the right atria and ventricle.
Tricuspid Valve
The anterior chamber of the eye, located between the iris and cornea, is filled with a clear and watery liquid called:
Aqueous Humor.
The movement of food through the alimentary canal by smooth muscle is called
Digestion
Taking food in the body is
Ingestion
The act of swallowing is known as
deglutition
The salivary gland that secretes the least amount of saliva
Parotid
Enzymes found in the saliva that partially digest carbohydrates
Amylase
Total number of permanent teeth
32
Folds in the stomach is called
plicae circularis
The preponderance of digestion takes place in the
Stomach
The absorption structure of the small intestines is
plicae
Nerve supply of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue, both for the general and special sensation
glossopharyngeal nerve
Peyer’s patches are aggregates of lymphoid tissues found in the
Ileum
Part of the colon that crosses the abdominal cavity from right to left side
transverse
Specialized cells found in the mucosa of the stomach responsible for the production of pepsinogen
chief cells
Folds found in the large intestine
haustra
Which of the following is NOT an accessory structure of the gastrointestinal tract?
Liver
The regulation of the pH is the control of which ion?
calcium
The million microscopic collecting tubules make up the
Nephrons
The renal artery divides into several branches that enter the parenchyma. In the renal columns are called
interlobar arteries
Active form of Vitamin D that help regulate calcium homeostasis
calciferol
In the ducts of renal pyramids, urine is directly collected by the
minor calyces
The urinary bladder wall is composed of 3 layers of this smooth muscle
detrussor muscle
Structural and functional unit of the kidneys
nephrons
Which of the following materials is NOT being reabsorbed by the peritubular capillaries?
cholesterol
Nitrogenous waste product being commonly used as basis for determining the renal function
Urea
Urine production takes place in the
renal cortex
What is the epithelial lining of the urinary bladder?
transitional epithelium
Hormone that regulates sodium ion content of the extra cellular fluid
Aldosterone
Major intracellular ion
potassium and phosphate
The part of the male urethra within the urogenital diaphragm
membranous urethra
The right kidney is relatively lower than the left due to the
liver
The process of producing sperm cells is
spermatogenesis
Cells/structures responsible in producing testosterone
interstitial cell of Leydig
Sperm cells are moved from the seminiferous tubules through the straight tubules to the
Rete testis
The site of sperm maturation and capacitation is the
Epididymis
All the following are accessory glands of the male reproductive system, EXCEPT
ejaculatory duct
Which of the following is also known as the Cowper’s gland?
bulbourethral gland
The ovaries are secured to the walls of the pelvis by
ligaments
The lining of the uterus that is shed/sloughed-off during menstrual flow
endometrium
An egg or ovum is released during which stage of the menstrual cycle
proliferative
The part of the female genitalia that is the homologue to the male penis is the
Clitoris
Which of the following hormone maintains the pregnancy
Estrogen
Which hormone is responsible for widening and lightening of the pelvis?
estrogen
Vaginal vestibule is enclosed by
labia majora
Clusters of milk producing gland within the lobules
lactiferous ducts
Chemical signal secreted by cells that affect other cell types in the close proximity
paracrine
All of the following are water soluble hormones, EXCEPT
Androgen
A person suffering from low blood pressure may benefit increased secretion of
Aldosterone
This organ is both an exocrine and endocrine gland
hypothalamus
Which of the following characteristics signify a person having a hyperthyroidism?
Fatigue
After consuming your lunch, which of the following hormones get to be secreted and why?
insulin- to increase blood glucose
True or False
The anterior pituitary gland utilizes the hypothalamic nerve cell as means to communicate with the hypothalamus. On the other hand, the posterior pituitary gland communicates via hypothalamic-pituitary portal system.
a. both true
b. both false
c. 1st false; 2nd true
d. 1st true; 2nd false
a. both true
During fight or flight response, the following target tissues respond such that
blood vessels dilate
Which of the following is true about parathyroid hormone?
it stops the osteoclastic activity when blood calcium is high
Too much enlargement of bones, muscles, and organs
Acromegaly
produces large amount of (watery) diluted urine
Diabetes Insipidus
In order for thyroid gland to function normally, it requires
Iodine
Which of the following can potentially lead to immune-compromised state of the body with continuous release of this hormone?
Cortisol
Diabetes mellitus type II is often found in ()
Obese Individual
It is the science of body functions and how the body parts work
Physiology
Groups of cells that performs specific functions
Tissue level
Site of protein synthesis in cells
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Higher concentration of solutes inside cells is called
Hypertonic Solution
This is the structural unit of a compact bone
Osteon
Which of the following is not considered a flat bone?
Vertebrae
Articulation between the roots of the teeth and bone of the jaws
Gomphosis
Severe infection of bones commonly caused by S. aureus
Osteomyelitis
Which of the following is the covering of group of muscle fascicle
epimysium
Which of the following is the covering of group of muscle fascicle
sarcoplasmic reticulum
Which of the following type of muscle stabilizes the origin of the prime mover so that it can contract efficiently?
fixator
Deltoid is named according to
shape of the muscle
Layer of the skin that is usually the source of new cells and show plenty of mitotic figures
stratum germinativum
Which of the following is part of the PNS?
Cranial Nerve
Which of the following meningeal coverings is part of the pachymeninx?
Dura Mater
Which of the following is not part of the brain stem?
Cerebellum
Which of the following cranial nerves is purely sensory in function?
Vestibular Nerve
Which of the following is an unpaired cartilage of the larynx?
Thyroid
The primary muscle of inspiration is the
diaphragm
Decrease in the strength of sensation during prolonged stimulus because of decrease in responsiveness of receptors
adaptation
This is the major refractive apparatus of the eye and contributes most of its optical power
Cornea
The fluid part of the blood
Plasma
The solid element of the blood responsible for clotting are the
Thrombocytes
A blood clot within the blood vessel is called
Thrombus
Leukocytes that produce antihistamine
Basophils
The right atrium receives blood from all parts of the body except the
Lungs
The only heart valves with two cusps is the
Mitral valve
The apex of the heart is located at the
5th intercostal space, left midclavicular line.
Amount of blood pumped by each side of the heart in one minute
Cardiac Output
Heart valves are held in place by the
Chordae Tendineae
Drains half of the thorax, head and neck, right arm
right lymphatic duct
What do you call the procedure that disrupts the continuity of the male reproductive ductal system?
Vasectomy
True or False (Association)
Melatonin: Pineal Body
True
The discipline dealing with the study of normal structures of human body
Anatomy
Came from the Greek word, anatome
Anatomy
Its knowledge expanded by means of cutting open the cadavers
Anatomy
Which of the following neurotransmitter is released during skeletal muscle contraction?
acetyl choline
Vital capacity is the summation of what volume?
A. IRV
B. TV
C. ERV
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
D. All of the above
