Biochem Flashcards
Ribose
Simple sugar (carbohydrate) that our bodies make
Deoxyribose
a sugar derived from ribose by replacing a hydroxyl group with hydrogen
Sugar Phosphate Backbone
forms the structural framework of nucleic acids, including DNA and RNA
Nitrogenous Bases
Four different types of nitrogenous bases are found in DNA: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). In RNA, the thymine is replaced by uracil (U).
Ribosome
the site of protein synthesis in the cell, consists of RNA
A-site
First binding site for tRNA
P-site
Second binding site for tRNA
tRNA
transfer RNA. plays a key roll in protein synthesis
mRNA
messenger RNA, tells your body how to make protein
rRNA
Translates the information in mRNA
Lipids
Composed of two compounds: Fatty acid and Glycerol which combine via dehydration synthesis
Carbohydrates
Sugars that contain a carbonyl: either ketone or aldehyde
D vs L
D on the right, L on the left.
Body can only metabolize D aldohexose
Chiral bonds
The carbon must be sp3 to be chiral. Mirror or reflected chains that are not the same, D or L
What are the properties of Ionic bonds
Form Crystalline solids
High melting and boiling points
Soluble in water
Conduct electricity
What are the properties of Covalent bonds?
Low melting and boiling point
Do not conduct electricity
Insoluble in water
Properties of Metal bonds
Lustrous
Malleable
Ductile
Conduct electricity very well (free flowing electrons)
Paramagnetic
Attracted to magnetic field
Has unpaired electrons
Ex: O2
Diamagnetic
Repelled by magnetic field
Has all paired electrons
Ex: N2
