Biochem 1 Flashcards
2 Main types of bonds
Covalent and Non-covalent
Connections that involve sharing of outer shell electrons
Covalent Bond
Unequal sharing of electrons
Polar Covalent Bond
Equal sharing of electrons
Non-polar covalent bond
The affinity of an atom for electrons
Electronegativity
Dipole-dipole interactions between a positive dipole H on one molecule and a negative dipole O (or N or S) on a neighboring molecule, Non-covalent
Hydrogen Bonds
Transient electrostatic interactions between permanent or induced dipoles, noncovalent
Vander Der Waals Forces
3 types of Vander Der Waals
Dipole-dipole, dipole-induced dipole, induced dipole- induced dipole
Attractions between oppositely charges molecules (“electrostatic interactions”), when they occur between amino acid side chains of proteins = salt bridges
Ionic Bonds
General Formula (CH2O)n
Monosaccharides
monosaccharide with an aldehyde
aldohexose
monosaccharide with a ketone
ketohexose
monosaccharides as a 6 atom ring strucutre
Pyranose
monosaccharides as a 5 atom ring structure
Furanose
This bond can form disaccharides or polysaccharides from monosaccharides
Glycosidic bonds
fatty acids with double bonds
Unsaturated fatty acid
hydrocarbon chains, with ester bonds
Fatty acids
what bond connects amino acids together
peptide bonds
what are the 3 general structures of a nucleotide
nitrogenous base, 5 carbon sugar, phosphate groups
two different nitrogenous base
purines and pyrimidines
Double ring structure, adenine and guanine
purines
single ring structure, thymine, uracil, cytosine
Pyrimidines
2 types of nucleic acid
DNA and RNA
what bonds form nucleic acid from nucleotides
Phosphodiester bond
