Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy & Physiology > BIO201 Bones Tests 2 > Flashcards

BIO201 Bones Tests 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the six functions of the skeleton?

A
  • Support
  • Protect
  • Electrolyte Balance
  • Acid-Base Balance
  • Blood Formation
  • Movement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where is red marrow found in children?

A
  • found in most bones; hemopoietic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where is red marrow found in adults?

A
  • only in axial body, sometimes heads of long bones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is ossification?

A
  • process of laying down new bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where does the primary ossification center occur?

A
  • Diaphysis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where does the secondary ossification center occur?

A
  • Epiphysis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Metaphysis is the zone of transition between..

A
  • Marrow Cavity
  • Trabeculae of spongy bone
  • Large Haversian Canals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The five distinct zones of the Metaphysis are..

A
  • Zone of reserve cartilage
  • Zone of proliferation
  • Zone of hypertrophy
  • Zone of calcification
  • Zone of bone deposition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The human skeleton is made of..

A
  • Ligaments
  • Bones
  • Cartilage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What makes up the axial skeleton?

A
  • Vertebral column
  • Rib Cage
  • Skull
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What makes up the appendicular skeleton?

A
  • Pectoral Girdle
  • Pelvic Girdle
  • Lower Extremities
  • Upper Extremities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the two sections of the skull and their function?

A
  • Cranium Bones
    - houses the brain
  • Facial Bones
    - Framework of the face
    - Cavities for special senses
    - Passageways for food and water, air, mucus and
    tooth anchor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The hyoid bone is the anchor point for?

A
  • Tongue

- Laryngeal Muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are some features of the cervical vertebrae?

A
  • Bifid Spinous Process

- Transverse Foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are some features of the thoracic vertebrae?

A
  • Inferior Projection

- Articulate with ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are some features of the lumbar vertebrae?

A
  • Blunt Spinous Process

- Carries most stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the bump on the back of the neck?

A
  • Vertebral Prominence on C7/ sometimes T1
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is Kyphosis, what causes it?

A
  • A Dorsal exaggeration of the spine
  • Infection in vertebrae
  • Trauma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is Lordosis, what causes it?

A
  • A Lumbar exaggeration of the spine
  • Beer bellies
  • Pregnancy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is scoliosis?

A
  • Lateral curvature of the spine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the 5 Spinal ligaments and their functions?

A
  1. Longitudinal ligament
    - continuous bands
    - from neck to sacrum
  2. Anterior Longitudinal Ligament
    - attaches to vertebrae and disc
  3. Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
    - attaches to disc only
    - thin, narrow, and weak
  4. Ligamentum Flavum
    - main posterior ligament - snaps back
  5. Nuchal Ligament
    - covers all spinous processes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the five fingers?

A
  1. Pollex
  2. Index
  3. Middle
  4. Ring
  5. Digiti Minimi
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the four ligaments of the lower extremities?

A
  1. Anterior Cruciate
  2. Posterior Cruciate
  3. Medial Collateral
  4. Lateral Collateral
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are three types of changes; bone growth and remodeling?

A
  • Length
  • Shape and Contour
  • Landmark Changes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Where is a herniated disc most common?

A
  • Posterior lateral quadrant of the disc
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is a greenstick fracture?

A
  • Bone bends and breaks
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is a spiral fracture?

A
  • Long bone is broken by a twisting force
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is a comminuted fracture?

A
  • Break or splinter in bone into two or more fragments
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is a colles fracture?

A
  • Fracture on distal end of the radius
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are joints?

A
  • Articulation of bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is an articulation?

A
  • Any junction of bone and bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the study of articulation?

A
  • Arthrology
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the atlantooccipital joint?

A
  • Atlas and occipital bone meet
34
Q

What are the four broad categories of joints?

A
  • Synostosis (boney)
  • Synarthrosis (fibrous)
  • Amphiarthrosis (cartilaginous)
  • Synovial
35
Q

What are the three subtypes of synarthrosis joints?

A
  • Sutures: joints of flat bones
  • Gomphosis: joints that binds teeth to sockets
  • Syndesmosis: immovable joints held together with CT
36
Q

What are two subtypes of Amphiarthrosis?

A
  • Synchondrosis: almost immovable joint; bound together with cartilage
  • Symphysis: two bones are closely joined
37
Q

Define synostosis joints, and an example

A
  • Two or more bones that have fused to form one bone

- Sacrum

38
Q

Define synarthrosis joints, and an example

A
  • Bones that become fused by collagen fibers

- Distal ends of radius/ulna

39
Q

Define amphiarthrosis joints, give an example?

A
  • Two bones are linked together by cartilage

- Pubic symphysis

40
Q

Synovial joints are sometimes called…

A
  • Diarthrosis
41
Q

What is synovial fluid?

A
  • Lubricant of joint capsule
42
Q

What is a meniscus, what is its function?

A
  • Crescent shaped growth of cartilage from the joint capsule
  • Provides stability and cushioning
  • There are lateral and medial menisci
  • There is a transverse ligament in menisci
43
Q

What are Bursas?

A
  • Sac of synovial fluid

- Cushions tendons over bone

44
Q

What are ligaments?

A
  • Connects bone to bone
45
Q

What are tendons?

A
  • Connects bone to muscle
46
Q

What are the six classes of synovial joints? Give an example of each.

A
  • Ball and Socket; glenohumeral
  • Condylar: metacarpalphalangeal
  • Saddle: trapeziometacarpal
  • Gliding: wrist/ankle
  • Hinge: elbow/knee
  • Pivot: atlantoaxial
47
Q

What are the movements of synovial joints?

A
  • Flexion/ Extension
  • Abduction/ Adduction
  • Circumduction
  • Protraction/ Retraction
  • Rotation
  • Supination/ Pronation
48
Q

What are the special movements of the hand?

A
  • Ulnar/ Radial flexion
49
Q

What are the special movements of the foot?

A
  • Dorsiflexion
  • Plantar flexion
  • Inversion
50
Q

What is a dislocation of the jaw?

A
  • Temporomandibular jaw
51
Q

Describe the glenohumeral joint?

A
  • Big range of motion
  • Usually dislocated anteriorly
  • Not much stability
  • 5 Ligaments
  • 4 Bursas
52
Q

What are the four muscles of the rotator cuff?

A
  • Supraspinatus
  • Infraspinatus
  • Teres Minor
  • Subscapularis
53
Q

What are the joints of the elbow?

A
  • 2 joints: hinge
  • Humeroulnar
  • Humeroradial
54
Q

What is the hip joint?

A
  • Deep ball and socket

- Acetabular labrum (fibrocartilage in acetabulum)

55
Q

What is the joint of the knee?

A
  • Hinge
  • Largest diarthrosis
  • Tibiofemoral
  • Patellofemoral
  • The joint capsule of the knee does not encapsulate the anterior portion of the joint
  • The joint capsule is covered by the patella and patellar ligament
56
Q

What helps knee stabilization?

A
  • Quadriceps tendon
  • Semimembranous tendon
  • Strengthening the muscle risks knee damage
57
Q

What are the ligaments of the posterior knee

A
  • Extracapsular ligaments:
    - Medial collateral
    - Lateral collateral
  • Intracapsular ligaments
    - Posterior cruciate: prevents backward displacement of tibia
    - Anterior cruciate: prevents hyperextension, helps lateral stability
58
Q

What is the ankle joint?

A
  • Talocrural joint
    - tibia and talus
    - fibula and talus
59
Q

What are the ligaments in the ankle?

A
  • Anterior/Posterior Talofemoral ligament (ATFL)

- Medial/ Lateral Collateral

60
Q

What is Osteoarthritis?

A
  • Wear and tear destruction of articular cartilage

- Osteophytes develop: bony outgrowth

61
Q

What is Rheumatoid arthritis?

A
  • Autoimmune destruction of the joint capsule

- bones may fuse

62
Q

What test do you perform for anterior/posterior cruciate ligaments

A
  • Drawer test
63
Q

What test do you perform for medial/lateral collateral ligaments

A
  • Mcmurrays test
64
Q

What few tests do you perform for general knee evaluations?

A
  • Apleys

- Compression/Distraction

65
Q

What are a couple tests to evaluate the ankle?

A
  • Drawer test

- Talar tilt

66
Q

What is the periosteum made of? What is it?

A
  • Dense irregular CT

- The outer sheathing

67
Q

What is endosteum made of? What is it?

A
  • Reticular CT

- Lining of medullary cavity

68
Q

The epiphyseal plate is made of?

A
  • Hyaline cartilage
69
Q

Osteogenic cells develop from? and are capable of?

A
  • Mesenchyme

- Mitosis

70
Q

Osteocytes ________the matrix

A
  • Maintain
71
Q

What are the depressions in bone surface created by osteoclasts?

A
  • Howship’s lacunae
72
Q

What increases secretion and absorption surface area?

A
  • Ruffled border
73
Q

Collagen ________ brittleness

A
  • Decreases
74
Q

Minerals __________ loss of rigity

A
  • Decrease
75
Q

Osteocytes are joined by what?

A
  • Gap junctions
76
Q

Where is yellow marrow found in adults?

A
  • shafts of long bones
77
Q

Yellow marrow is no longer…. but it can..

A
  • Hemopoietic

- Revert

78
Q

Intramembranous ossification forms in the..

A
  • Tendons and Ligaments
79
Q

What disease caused by a missense mutation?

A
  • Achondroplasia
80
Q

If calcium is too low..

A
  • Hyperexciteable nerves
  • Tetany
  • hypocalcemia
81
Q

If calcium is too high..

A
  • Less excitable nerves
  • Cardiac arrest and decreases reflexes
  • hypercalcemia

Anatomy & Physiology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions