Bio2 - Organisation

Question 1

Put the following in order from smallest to largest:
organ, cell, organ system, tissue

Answer 1

cell - tissue - organ - organ system

Question 2

What is a tissue?

Answer 2

A group of cells with a similar structure and function

Question 3

What is an organ?

Answer 3

Groups of tissues forming particular functions

Question 4

What is the function of the digestive system?

Answer 4

To digest and absorb food

Question 5

What do enzymes do?

Answer 5

Catalyse (speed up) reactions

Question 6

Which part of an enzyme is shaped for a particular substrate?

Answer 6

Active site

Question 7

How does the “lock and key” model explain how enzymes work?

Answer 7

“Lock and key” is a simple model to explain that each enzyme has an active site of a specific shape to fit a specific structure.

Question 8

• Where is amylase produced?
• Where does amylase work?
• What does amylase break down and produce?

Answer 8

• Produced in the salivary glands, small intestine and pancreas
• Works in the mouth and small intestine4
• Amylase breaks down starch into sugar

Question 9

• Where is protease produced?
• Where does protease work?
• What does protease break down and produce?

Answer 9

• Produced in the stomach, small intestine and pancreas
• Works in the stomach and small intestine
• Breaks down protein into amino acids

Question 10

• Where is lipase produced?
• Where does lipase work?
• What does lipase break down and produce?

Answer 10

• Produced in the small intestine and pancreas
• Works in the small intestine
• Breaks down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 11

What do digestive enzymes do?

Answer 11

Break down food into soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream

Question 12

Name the enzyme that is a type of carbohydrate

Answer 12

Amylase

Question 13

What are the products of digestion used for?

Answer 13

• To build new carbohydrates, lipids and proteins
• Some glucose is also used in respitation

Question 14

• Where is bile made?
• Where is bile stored?
• What two things does bile do?

Answer 14

• Made in the liver
• Stored in the gallbladder
• 1) Bile is alkaline so neutralised hydrochloric acid from the stomach
  2) It emulsifies fat to form small droplets which increases the surface area to increase the rate of fat breakdown

Question 15

Name the four chambers of the heart

Answer 15

1) Right atrium
2) Right ventricle
3) Left ventricle
4) Left atrium

Question 16

Name the four major blood vessels in the heart

Answer 16

1) Pulmonary artery
2) Vena cava
3) Pulmonary vein
4) Aorta

Question 17

What are the three main parts of the 🫁?

Answer 17

1) Trachea
2) Bronchus
3) Alveoli

Question 18

Which arteries wrap around the heart, supplying it with oxygen

Answer 18

Coronary artery

Question 19

What is coronary heart disease?

Answer 19

A disease that is caused by fatty material build up inside the coronary arteries. This causes the arteries to become narrower, reducing blood flow to the heart. This results in a lack of oxygen to the heart muscle.

Question 20

Describe three ways that the lungs are adapted for gas exchange

Answer 20

1) Thin, moist walls
2) Large surface area
3) Close network of capillaries

Question 21

Describe the structure and function of the arteries

Answer 21

Function: Carry blood away from the heart
Structure: Strong, thick, muscular, elastic walls because blood is high pressure

Question 22

Describe the structure and function of veins

Answer 22

Function: Carry blood to the heart
Structure: Thinner walls because blood is at low pressure. Bigger lumen to help blood flow. Valves to stop blood flowing backwards

Question 23

Describe the structure and function of capillaries

Answer 23

Function: Exchanging materials at the tissues
Structure: Small lumen and thin, permeable walls

Question 24

Example question:
1520ml of blood passes through an artery in 5 minutes. What is the rate of blood flow through the artery?

Answer 24

1520ml / 5 min
= 304ml/min

Question 25

What are the four components of blood?

Answer 25

1) Red blood cells
2) White blood cells
3) Platelets
4) Plasma

Question 26

Give the function of each component of blood

Answer 26

• Red blood cells: Carries the oxygen throughout the body
• White blood cells: To fight infections
• Platelets: To clot blood and form scabs
• Plasma: To keep the blood watery