Bio2 - Organisation Flashcards
Put the following in order from smallest to largest:
organ, cell, organ system, tissue
cell - tissue - organ - organ system
What is a tissue?
A group of cells with a similar structure and function
What is an organ?
Groups of tissues forming particular functions
What is the function of the digestive system?
To digest and absorb food
What do enzymes do?
Catalyse (speed up) reactions
Which part of an enzyme is shaped for a particular substrate?
Active site
How does the “lock and key” model explain how enzymes work?
“Lock and key” is a simple model to explain that each enzyme has an active site of a specific shape to fit a specific structure.
- Where is amylase produced?
- Where does amylase work?
- What does amylase break down and produce?
- Produced in the salivary glands, small intestine and pancreas
- Works in the mouth and small intestine4
- Amylase breaks down starch into sugar
- Where is protease produced?
- Where does protease work?
- What does protease break down and produce?
- Produced in the stomach, small intestine and pancreas
- Works in the stomach and small intestine
- Breaks down protein into amino acids
- Where is lipase produced?
- Where does lipase work?
- What does lipase break down and produce?
- Produced in the small intestine and pancreas
- Works in the small intestine
- Breaks down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol
What do digestive enzymes do?
Break down food into soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream
Name the enzyme that is a type of carbohydrate
Amylase
What are the products of digestion used for?
- To build new carbohydrates, lipids and proteins
- Some glucose is also used in respitation
- Where is bile made?
- Where is bile stored?
- What two things does bile do?
- Made in the liver
- Stored in the gallbladder
- 1) Bile is alkaline so neutralised hydrochloric acid from the stomach
2) It emulsifies fat to form small droplets which increases the surface area to increase the rate of fat breakdown
Name the four chambers of the heart
1) Right atrium
2) Right ventricle
3) Left ventricle
4) Left atrium
Name the four major blood vessels in the heart
1) Pulmonary artery
2) Vena cava
3) Pulmonary vein
4) Aorta
What are the three main parts of the 🫁?
1) Trachea
2) Bronchus
3) Alveoli
Which arteries wrap around the heart, supplying it with oxygen
Coronary artery
What is coronary heart disease?
A disease that is caused by fatty material build up inside the coronary arteries. This causes the arteries to become narrower, reducing blood flow to the heart. This results in a lack of oxygen to the heart muscle.
Describe three ways that the lungs are adapted for gas exchange
1) Thin, moist walls
2) Large surface area
3) Close network of capillaries
Describe the structure and function of the arteries
Function: Carry blood away from the heart
Structure: Strong, thick, muscular, elastic walls because blood is high pressure
Describe the structure and function of veins
Function: Carry blood to the heart
Structure: Thinner walls because blood is at low pressure. Bigger lumen to help blood flow. Valves to stop blood flowing backwards
Describe the structure and function of capillaries
Function: Exchanging materials at the tissues
Structure: Small lumen and thin, permeable walls
Example question:
1520ml of blood passes through an artery in 5 minutes. What is the rate of blood flow through the artery?
1520ml / 5 min
= 304ml/min
What are the four components of blood?
1) Red blood cells
2) White blood cells
3) Platelets
4) Plasma
Give the function of each component of blood
- Red blood cells: Carries the oxygen throughout the body
- White blood cells: To fight infections
- Platelets: To clot blood and form scabs
- Plasma: To keep the blood watery
