Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology Paper 1 > Bio1 - Cell Biology > Flashcards

Bio1 - Cell Biology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Are Plant Cells and Animal Cells prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

A

Eukaryotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Are Bacterial Cells prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

A

Prokaryotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which cells are smallest out of Plant cells, Animal cells, and Bacteria cells?

A

Bacteria cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is plasmid? What kind of cells is it found in?

A

Plasmid are rings of DNA. They are found in bacteria cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Give the functions of the following
cell parts:
a) Ribosomes
b) Mitochondria
c) Cell membrane
d) Nucleus

A

a) Ribosomes: Protein synthesis
b) Mitochondria: Where
respiration happens
c) Cell membrane: Controls what
goes in and out of the cell
d) Nucleus: Controls cells activity
(where DNA is kept)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Q. Give the functions of the
following cell parts:
a) Cell wall
b) Vacuole
c) Chloroplasts
d) Cytoplasm

A

a) Cell wall: Strengthens the cell
b) Vacuole: Contains cell sap
(water, salts and sugars)
c) Chloroplasts: Where
photosynthesis happens
d) Cytoplasm: Where chemical
reactions occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the main molecule that makes up cell walls?

A

Cellulose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name 3 cell parts that are found in Plant cells but not in Animal cells.

A

a) Cell Wall
b) Chloroplasts
c) Vacuole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is differentiation

A

The process where a cell become specialised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Many animal cells differentiate an any early stage. How is this different to plant cells?

A

Many types of plant cell retain the ability to differentiate throughout their life.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In mature animals, what is the main purpose of cell division?

A

For repair and replacement of cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why is an electron microscope
better than a light microscope?

A

Better magnification, better
resolution.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why have electron microscopes
been useful for understanding cell
structure?

A

Cells can be seen in much finer
detail, therefore scientists now
know more about sub-cellular
structures.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Equation for magnification?

A

Magnification = (image size) ÷ (real life size)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the stages of mitosis.

A

• Cell grows and increases
number of sub-cellular
structures (e.g. ribosomes and
mitochondria)
• DNA replicates to form two
copies of each chromosome
• One set of chromosome is
pulled to each end of the cell
and the nucleus divides
• The cytoplasm and cell
membranes divide to form two
identical cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why is cell division by mitosis important?

A

For growth and development.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How is DNA arranged in a nucleus?

A

Within chromosomes

18
Q

What is a stem cell?

A

An undifferentiated cell capable of becoming a variety of different types of cell.

19
Q

What are the 2 main places that human stem cells are found?

A

• Embryos
• Adult bone marrow

20
Q

Why are embryonic stem cells more useful then stem cells from adult bone marrow?

A

Embryonic stem cells are capable of changing into a wider variety of cells.

21
Q

What type of stem cells are used to make blood cells and many other types of human cells?

A

Cells from bone marrow.

22
Q

Where are stem cells found in plants?

A

In the meristem tissue.

23
Q

Name 2 conditions that stem cells can be used to treat.

A

• Diabetes
• Paralysis

24
Q

Give two reasons why someone
might want to use plant stem cells
to produce clones of plants

A

• Rare species can be cloned to
protect from extinction.
• Crop plants with special
features (e.g. disease
resistance) can be cloned to
produce large numbers of
identical plants for farmers.

25
Q

By what process do substances move in and out of cells along a concentration gradient?

A

Diffusion

26
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The spreading out of
particles from an area of high
concentration to an area of low
concentration.

27
Q

Give 2 examples of diffusion occurring in the body.

A

• Diffusion of oxygen from the lungs into the blood.
• Diffusion of nutrients from the villi (in the small intestine) into the blood.

28
Q

Give 3 factors that can affect the rate of diffusion.

A

• Concentration gradient (different concentrations)
• Temperature
• Cell membrane

29
Q

What 2 things increase the effectiveness of an exchange surface in plants?

A

• Large surface area
• Thin Membrane

30
Q

Do single-cell organisms have a fairly large or small surface area to volume ratio?

A

Large

31
Q

Explain how the alveoli are adapted for gas exchange.

A

• Large surface area
• Thin membrane
• Close to efficient blood supply
• Moist lining
• Ventilated (air moves in and
out)

32
Q

Why do multicellular organisms need exchange surfaces?

A

They have a relatively small
surface area to volume ratio
so need exchange surfaces to
increase the surface area for
diffusion of substances.

33
Q

Describe how the small intestine is adapted for exchanging materials.

A

• Covered in millions of villi
• Villi provide a large surface
area
• Villi have a single layer of
surface cells
• Close network of capillaries

34
Q

Describe how a plant root is adapted for exchanging materials.

A

• Root covered in millions of tiny
hairs
• Root hair cells have a large
surface area
• Root hair cells have a thin
surface

35
Q

Describe how the leaf is adapted for exchanging materials.

A

• Leaves are flat to increase the
surface area
• Tiny holes (stomata) allows
gases to diffuse in and out.
• Air spaces in leaf expose more
surface of the cells

36
Q

By what process does water move across cell membranes?

A

Osmosis

37
Q

What is osmosis?

A

The diffusion of water from a
dilute solution (where there
are more water particles) to a
concentrated solution (where
there are less water particles)
through a partially permeable
membrane.

38
Q

What is active transport?

A

The movement of substances across cell membrane from regions of lower concentration to regions of higher concentration by the use of energy.

39
Q

Where does the energy for active transport come from?

A

Respiration

40
Q

Give an example of active transport in plant roots.

A

Mineral ions move from the soil to plant root hairs through active transport.

41
Q

Describe how molecules can move by active transport in the blood.

A

Digested food molecules (e.g
sugar) can move from lower
concentrations in the gut to higher
concentrations in the blood.

Biology Paper 1 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions