Bio2-Flashcards
Archaebacteria
Ancient bacteria; One of the two kingdoms of kingdom Monera.
Binomial Nomenclature
“two names”; Organisms are named based on their genus and species.
Carl Linnaeus
The father of modern taxonomy; proposed a system in 1758
for classifying living things, which we still build on today.
Eubacteria
A kingdom that contains all procaryotes except archaebacteria.
Fungi
One of the kingdoms, includes mushrooms, yeasts and certain types of mold.
Kingdom
The first and largest category to classify organisms.
Levels of Taxonomy
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Genus, Species.
Monera
Prokaryotic, unicellular organisms made up of various kinds of bacteria.
Protista
Any microscopic organism not part of kingdom bacteria,
fungi, plant, or animal is part of the Protista kingdom.
Speciation
The formation of new and distinct species in the course
of evolution, according to the Evolutionary Theory.
Species
A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.
Taxonomy
The discipline of naming and classifying organisms.
Unicellular
Made of a single cell.
Who was Aristotle?
He was the most well-known man among the ancients
who attempted to classify living creatures.
Whats the difference between a millipede and a centipede?
Millipedes have two pairs of legs, while Centipedes have only one pair of legs.
The definition of species:
A group of organisms that resembles each other in shape and size and can potentially interbreed naturally.
Homologous structures
Homologous structures are anatomical features that inherit the basic structure from common ancestors.
Antibiotics
Compounds that block the growth and reproduction of bacteria.
Binary fission
A form of asexual reproduction in which one cell divides to form identical cells.
Capsid
protein shell
Capsule
outside cell wall; keeps the cell from drying out.
chemosynthetic bacteria
bacteria which are autotrophs which don’t use the sun, but instead use chemicals within their environment to produce energy
Plasmids
Smaller hoops of extra DNA some bacteria have that give them special characteristics.
Decomposers
Many bacteria are decomposers or organisms that
break down the dead remains of other organisms.
Flagella
Long thread like structures that help bacteria move.
Host cell
Living cell in which a virus replicates.
Lysogenic cycle
A viral reproductive cycle in which the viral DNA is added to the
host cell DNA and is copied along with the host cells DNA.
Lytic cell
A viral reproductive cycle in which copies of a virus are within the
host of a cell, which then bursts open, releasing new viruses.
Pilus
Hollow projections that help bacteria stick to surfaces.
Prokaryotes
Bacteria that have no membrane bound organelles or nucleus inside their cell.
Vaccine/Vaccination
Substance prepared from killed or weakened pathogens
introduced into the body to produce immunity.
Virulence
The ability of a virus to infect a cell.
Algae
Plant-like Protists.
Amoeba
A type of protist characterized by flexibility and the presence of pseudopia (“false feet”).
Bioluminescent
Able to emit light.
Bladders
Air-filled structures that help float to the surface.
Blades
Main sight of photosynthesis.
Blight
A disease that causes plant death.
Budding
Occurs when a single-celled pinches off part of its cell to creates a new cell.
Colonial Organisms
A collection of similar cells living together.
Angiosperms
flowering plants that produce seeds in fruit.
Antheridia
produces sperm.
Archegonia
produces ovum.
Botany
study of plants
Conifers
Cone-bearing plants.
Cotyledon
First leaf or first pairs of leaves produced by the embryo of a seed plant.
Dicots
two cotyledons.
Ferns
seedless vascular plants.
Flowering plants
This group contains of true vascular plants that produces flower and pollen.
Fronds
leaves of ferns
Annual
Plants that die every year.
Apical bud
Bud located at the tip of the stem.
Apical meristem
Tip of the shoot containing growing tissues
Biennial
Plants that survives 2 growing cycles before dying.
Blade
Thin, flat section of a leaf that collects sunlight.
Bud scales
Scales that protect dormant buds through winter months.
Compound leaf
several blades per petiole. (leaflets)
Cork cambien
Layer that’s continually producing new cork cells.
Cortex
The layer where the food is stored in the stem and where phloem is contained.
Abscisic acid
Promotes seed dormancy and causes buds to produce scales.
Anther
Contains the male gamete; produces pollen.
Auxins
Promote stem elongation and repress lateral bud growth.
Chemotropism
plant response to chemicals.
Complete flowers
Both have male and female parts.
Cross-polination
occurs when pollen is transferred to one pollen to another, creating greater diversity.
Cytokinesis
promote lateral bud growth.
Double-fertilization
a fertilization process that requires 2 sperm to fuse with 2 other cells.
Endosperm
provides food for the embryonic plant.
Ethylene
Stimulates food ripening.
Filament
Long thread-like stalk.
