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Biology > Bio2-Flashcards > Flashcards

Bio2-Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Archaebacteria

A

Ancient bacteria; One of the two kingdoms of kingdom Monera.

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2
Q

Binomial Nomenclature

A

“two names”; Organisms are named based on their genus and species.

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3
Q

Carl Linnaeus

A

The father of modern taxonomy; proposed a system in 1758
for classifying living things, which we still build on today.

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4
Q

Eubacteria

A

A kingdom that contains all procaryotes except archaebacteria.

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5
Q

Fungi

A

One of the kingdoms, includes mushrooms, yeasts and certain types of mold.

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6
Q

Kingdom

A

The first and largest category to classify organisms.

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7
Q

Levels of Taxonomy

A

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Genus, Species.

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8
Q

Monera

A

Prokaryotic, unicellular organisms made up of various kinds of bacteria.

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9
Q

Protista

A

Any microscopic organism not part of kingdom bacteria,
fungi, plant, or animal is part of the Protista kingdom.

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10
Q

Speciation

A

The formation of new and distinct species in the course
of evolution, according to the Evolutionary Theory.

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11
Q

Species

A

A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.

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12
Q

Taxonomy

A

The discipline of naming and classifying organisms.

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13
Q

Unicellular

A

Made of a single cell.

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14
Q

Who was Aristotle?

A

He was the most well-known man among the ancients
who attempted to classify living creatures.

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15
Q

Whats the difference between a millipede and a centipede?

A

Millipedes have two pairs of legs, while Centipedes have only one pair of legs.

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16
Q

The definition of species:

A

A group of organisms that resembles each other in shape and size and can potentially interbreed naturally.

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17
Q

Homologous structures

A

Homologous structures are anatomical features that inherit the basic structure from common ancestors.

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18
Q

Antibiotics

A

Compounds that block the growth and reproduction of bacteria.

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19
Q

Binary fission

A

A form of asexual reproduction in which one cell divides to form identical cells.

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20
Q

Capsid

A

protein shell

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21
Q

Capsule

A

outside cell wall; keeps the cell from drying out.

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22
Q

chemosynthetic bacteria

A

bacteria which are autotrophs which don’t use the sun, but instead use chemicals within their environment to produce energy

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23
Q

Plasmids

A

Smaller hoops of extra DNA some bacteria have that give them special characteristics.

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24
Q

Decomposers

A

Many bacteria are decomposers or organisms that
break down the dead remains of other organisms.

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25
Q

Flagella

A

Long thread like structures that help bacteria move.

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26
Q

Host cell

A

Living cell in which a virus replicates.

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27
Q

Lysogenic cycle

A

A viral reproductive cycle in which the viral DNA is added to the
host cell DNA and is copied along with the host cells DNA.

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28
Q

Lytic cell

A

A viral reproductive cycle in which copies of a virus are within the
host of a cell, which then bursts open, releasing new viruses.

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29
Q

Pilus

A

Hollow projections that help bacteria stick to surfaces.

30
Q

Prokaryotes

A

Bacteria that have no membrane bound organelles or nucleus inside their cell.

31
Q

Vaccine/Vaccination

A

Substance prepared from killed or weakened pathogens
introduced into the body to produce immunity.

32
Q

Virulence

A

The ability of a virus to infect a cell.

33
Q

Algae

A

Plant-like Protists.

34
Q

Amoeba

A

A type of protist characterized by flexibility and the presence of pseudopia (“false feet”).

35
Q

Bioluminescent

A

Able to emit light.

36
Q

Bladders

A

Air-filled structures that help float to the surface.

37
Q

Blades

A

Main sight of photosynthesis.

37
Q

Blight

A

A disease that causes plant death.

38
Q

Budding

A

Occurs when a single-celled pinches off part of its cell to creates a new cell.

38
Q

Colonial Organisms

A

A collection of similar cells living together.

39
Q

Angiosperms

A

flowering plants that produce seeds in fruit.

40
Q

Antheridia

A

produces sperm.

41
Q

Archegonia

A

produces ovum.

42
Q

Botany

A

study of plants

43
Q

Conifers

A

Cone-bearing plants.

44
Q

Cotyledon

A

First leaf or first pairs of leaves produced by the embryo of a seed plant.

45
Q

Dicots

A

two cotyledons.

46
Q

Ferns

A

seedless vascular plants.

47
Q

Flowering plants

A

This group contains of true vascular plants that produces flower and pollen.

48
Q

Fronds

A

leaves of ferns

49
Q

Annual

A

Plants that die every year.

49
Q

Apical bud

A

Bud located at the tip of the stem.

50
Q

Apical meristem

A

Tip of the shoot containing growing tissues

51
Q

Biennial

A

Plants that survives 2 growing cycles before dying.

52
Q

Blade

A

Thin, flat section of a leaf that collects sunlight.

53
Q

Bud scales

A

Scales that protect dormant buds through winter months.

54
Q

Compound leaf

A

several blades per petiole. (leaflets)

55
Q

Cork cambien

A

Layer that’s continually producing new cork cells.

56
Q

Cortex

A

The layer where the food is stored in the stem and where phloem is contained.

57
Q

Abscisic acid

A

Promotes seed dormancy and causes buds to produce scales.

58
Q

Anther

A

Contains the male gamete; produces pollen.

59
Q

Auxins

A

Promote stem elongation and repress lateral bud growth.

60
Q

Chemotropism

A

plant response to chemicals.

61
Q

Complete flowers

A

Both have male and female parts.

62
Q

Cross-polination

A

occurs when pollen is transferred to one pollen to another, creating greater diversity.

63
Q

Cytokinesis

A

promote lateral bud growth.

64
Q

Double-fertilization

A

a fertilization process that requires 2 sperm to fuse with 2 other cells.

65
Q

Endosperm

A

provides food for the embryonic plant.

66
Q

Ethylene

A

Stimulates food ripening.

67
Q

Filament

A

Long thread-like stalk.

Biology (4 decks)

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