Bio1-10 Flashcards
Study for 10-week exam
Anatomy and Physiology.
The human body and how it functions.
Cytology
The study of cells.
.Genetics
The study of genes and heredity.
Microbiology
The study of microscopic organisms.
Biology
The study of life.
Botany
The study of plants.
Ecology
The study of how organisms relate to one another.
Zoology
The study of animals.
What is the polarity of water?
Each water molecule has a positive charge on one side and a negative charge on the other.
Why is water the universal solvent?
many substances can dissolve into water because of its weak magnetic bond.
Why do we use the scientific method?
We use the scientific method in Biology to answer questions about living things.
Bias
To favor one point of view over another.
Spontaneous generation
the mistaken idea that living things arise from nonliving sources.
Biogenisis
The production of living organisms from other living organisms.
How many amino acids are there?
20 different amino acids.
Atoms.
The building blocks of life.
Carbohydrates
- Compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
2 Gives energy to living cells. - Provides structure to things like plants, fungi, and insects.
What are the building blocks of life?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids.
Carbon
1) An essential element for life.
2) Has 6 protons and 6 neutrons meaning its outer shell has 4 electrons.
Cell
The smallest living organism, the building blocks of life.
Chemistry
The study of matter.
Cholesterol
What cell membranes are made up of.
Covalent bond
The force between 2 or more atoms sharing electrons in their valence shell.
Atoms are made up of…
Protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Electron shells
The areas in an atom where an electron exist, orbiting the nucleus.
Valence shell
The outermost electron shell in an atom.
Valence electrons
The electrons in the valence shell.
Octet Rule
Most elements are most stable with 8 electrons in their valence shell.
Ion
An atom with a positive and negative charge.
Ionic bond
The force connecting a positive charged atom with a negatively charged one.
Polor bonding
The force between new elements in a color molecule.
Non-polor bonding
When the electrons are evenly distributed among the atoms in a molecule.
Chemical reaction
When atoms come together to make a molecule, or when a molecule breaks up separate atoms.
Reactants
The atoms that come together to form a molecule in a chemical reaction.
Product
The molecule that results from reactants coming together.
The first law of thermodynamics states that…
Matter cannot be created or destroyed.
The second law of thermodynamics states that…
Given enough time, everything wears out and falls apart.(Entropy)
Organic Chemistry
A study of the common elements that make up living things
and the chemical compounds produced by living things.
Nucleus
The center of an atom comprised of protons and neutrons.
What are nucleic acids made of?
nucleotides, which form DNA and RNA:the code of a cell.
Where are nucleic acids found?
In the nucleus of a cell.
Enzyme
A type of protein that changes the rate of a chemical reaction.
What are proteins and what do they do?
50 or more amino acids linked together.
1) Proteins form the structure of tissues and organs.
2) Proteins carry out chemical reactions in the body.
3) Proteins act as chemical messengers.
Fatty acids
A long carbon with hydrogen atoms bonded with the chain.
How are lipids used?
For energy, insulating cells, and protecting cells.
Steroids
Are made of 4 carbon wings with a tail and are chemical messengers.
Element
Pure substance that consists of entirely one atom
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space.
Active transport
Using energy to move molecules from a lower to a higher concentration.
Autotroph
Producers that make their own food.
Calvin cycle
The process by which plants produce glucose for food.
Chlorophyll
A green pigment responsible for absorbing light,
found in clusters in the thylakoid membrane.
Consumers
Organisms that depend on other organisms for their food.
Grana
Stacks of thylakoids.
Heterotroph
Consumers: Organisms which depend on other organisms for food.
Light-dependent phase
The first phase of photosynthesis; the process by which
plants convert energy from sunlight into ATP.
Producers
Organisms that produce their own food.
Stroma
A fluid-filled area around the grana.
Thylakoid
Specialized disks in the chloroplasts.
Aerobic Respiration
When cells use glucose and oxygen to produce energy.
Alcoholic fermentation
a) Occurs in plants and fungi
b) Pyruvate from glycolysis goes through a chemical process
that produces alcohol and carbon dioxide.
Anaerobic cellular respiration
Producing energy without using oxygen.
