Bio121 EFGHIKL

Question 1

ecosystem

Answer 1

a community of organisms and its physical environment in a given area

Question 2

ectoderm

Answer 2

in animal embryology, the outermost layer of germ cells that differentiates into the epidermis and nervous system

Question 3

egg

Answer 3

the haploid female gamete

Question 4

embryo

Answer 4

the early stage of development in multicellular diploid plants and animals

Question 5

endoderm

Answer 5

in animal embryology, the innermost layer of germ cells that lines the gut and differentiates into many different tissues

Question 6

esophagus

Answer 6

a hollow tube that conducts food from the pharynx to the crop in earthworms (phylum Annelida) or to the stomach in vertebrates (phylum Chordata)

Question 7

eukaryotic

Answer 7

cells or organisms containing membrane-bound organelles and a true nucleus
includes plants, animals, fungi and protists

Question 8

extracellular

Answer 8

situated or occurring outside of a cell

Question 9

eye spot

Answer 9

a cluster of light sensitive cells found on the heads of some primitive animals, enables detection of light
eg. Planaria of the phylum Platyhelminthes

Question 10

female gamete

Answer 10

the haploid cell (often called an egg) that fuses with a male gamete (sperm) to form a diploid zygote

Question 11

female gametophyte

Answer 11

in plants, a multicellular haploid generation that produces one or more eggs

Question 12

fertilization

Answer 12

the union of two gametes such as egg and sperm to produce a diploid zygote

Question 13

filament

Answer 13

1. chain of cells
   eg. filamentous bacteria or algae
2. the stalk of the stamen in flowering plants (phylum Anthophyta)

Question 14

filter feeding

Answer 14

a method of feeding used by many sessile aquatic organisms that involves creating water currents that enable the organism to filter out microscopic organisms or organic material for food

Question 15

fimbriae

Answer 15

in bacteria, hair-like extensions used for attachment to surfaces

Question 16

flagellum (plural flagella)

Answer 16

a long cellular projection used for cell motility or movement of extracellular fluid
prokaryotic flagella differ in structure from eukaryotic flagella

Question 17

floral tube

Answer 17

the fused bases of the sepals, petals, and stamens of a flower

Question 18

flowering plant

Answer 18

a plant that has seeds enclosed in fruit

an angiosperm

Question 19

food vacuole

Answer 19

a membrane-bound organelle that contains and digests food obtained by phagocytosis
eg. in Amoeba and Paramecium

Question 20

foot

Answer 20

an organ of locomotion differing widely in different animals
eg. a tube foot of starfish
muscular foot of mollusks
tarsus of insects
food of a vertebrate

Question 21

fragmentation

Answer 21

a type of asexual reproduction whereby a new individual develops from a fragment of the parent individual

Question 22

free-living

Answer 22

an organism that does not require a host to survive and reproduce
not parasitic

Question 23

freshwater

Answer 23

refers to bodies of water with low concentration of dissolved salts

Question 24

fruit

Answer 24

ripened ovary which contains seeds in flowering plants

Question 25

funiculus

Answer 25

a stalk that connects the ovule/seed to the placenta of the ovary in flowering plants

Question 26

gametangium

Answer 26

a cell or organ where gametes are produced | found in plants, some fungi, and some protists

Question 27

gamete

Answer 27

a haploid reproductive cell which combines with another gamete during sexual reproduction eggs and sperm are gametes

Question 28

gametophyte

Answer 28

the multicellular haploid generation in the life cycle of a plant produces gametes by mitosis

Question 29

gastrovascular cavity

Answer 29

a body cavity with a single opening (mouth/anus) which functions to both digest and distribute nutrients

Question 30

gelatinous sheath

Answer 30

a jelly-like layer surrounding cells of some algae and some bacteria it holds the cells together and provides protection from predators and the environment

Question 31

gill in fungi

Answer 31

the thin structures on the underside of a mushroom cap which produce spores

Question 32

gill in aquatic animals

Answer 32

a respiratory structure for gas exchange

Question 33

gizzard

Answer 33

a muscular structure capable of grinding up food in the digestive tract of some annelids and birds

Question 34

gymnosperm

Answer 34

a plant that produces seeds that are not enclosed in fruits

Question 35

haploid

Answer 35

a cell or organism which has only one set of chromosomes

Question 36

herbivore

Answer 36

consumer that eats plant tissue

Question 37

hermaphroditic

Answer 37

an animal that has both male and female reproductive structures on one individual (bisexual)

Question 38

heterocyst

Answer 38

a cell in some cyanobacteria which is specialized for nitrogen fixation

Question 39

heterotroph

Answer 39

an organism which cannot synthesize all of the organic material that it needs and therefore must obtain its food and energy from other organisms

Question 40

holdfast

Answer 40

a specialized root-like structure in some large algae which allows them to attach to rocks to withstand waves and tides

Question 41

hydrostatic skeleton

Answer 41

a skeleton system composed of fluid held under pressure in a closed body compartment the main skeleton of cindarians, flatworms, roundworms, and segmented worms

Question 42

hypha (plural hyphae)

Answer 42

in fungi, a long narrow strand of cells which makes up the body of a fungus

Question 43

intestine

Answer 43

part of the digestive tract of an animal

Question 44

intracellular

Answer 44

situated or occurring inside of a cell

Question 45

invertebrate

Answer 45

an animal that does not possess a vertebral column/spine

Question 46

kingdom

Answer 46

in classification, a group made up of one or more phyla

Question 47

larva

Answer 47

the pre-adult form of many animals that is morphologically different from the adult

Question 48

locule

Answer 48

in flowering plants, a cavity within an ovary in which ovules are produced