BIO110 Chapter 1-2, Exam 1 Flashcards
1
Q
the study of form or structure
A
Anatomy
2
Q
bigger picture of the body, anatomy seen with the naked eye
A
Gross or macroscopic Anatomy
3
Q
need of a microscope or other device to view the cells or tissues of the body
A
Microscopic Anatomy
4
Q
Study of Function
A
Physiology
5
Q
Relationship between anatomy and psyhsiology
A
Form follows function
6
Q
Building blocks of all matter
A
Atom
7
Q
Building blocks of all life
A
Cells
8
Q
2 or more different types of cells working together to perform and specific function.
A
Tissue
9
Q
2 or more different types of tissue working together to perform a specific function.
A
Organ
10
Q
2 or more different types of organs working together to perform a specific function.
A
Organ System
11
Q
Composed of the organ system
A
Organisms
12
Q
- Protects the body from external enviroment
- rprovides sensory info.
- regulates body temp
A
Integumentary System
13
Q
- supports the body and anchors organs
- protects internal organs
- allows for movement with aid of muscles
- stores calcium salts
- produces blood cells
A
Skeletal System
14
Q
- produces movement
- generates heat
- provides support to the joints
A
Muscular System
15
Q
- allows for sensory input
- performs integration of nervous signals
- stimulates motor output
A
Nervous System
16
Q
*coordinates the body’s activities along with other body systems
A
Endocrine System
17
Q
- transports nutrients, wastes, and blood gases
* protects body from infection and blood loss
A
Cardiovascular System
18
Q
*provides immunity
A
Lymphatic System
19
Q
- delivers oxygen to blood
* removes carbon dioxide from the body (breathing, lungs)
A
Respiratory System
20
Q
- digest food
* aborbs nutrients
A
Digestive System
21
Q
- removes waste from the blood
- regulates blood ph
- stimulates blood cell info
A
Urinary System
22
Q
*produces male and female sex hormones
A
Reproduction System
23
Q
Facing front, feet vertical, hands to the side, palms facing foward
A
Anatomical Postition
24
Q
toward the head
A
Superior
25
away from the head
Inferior
26
toward the face
Superior (Ventral)
27
away from the face, toward the backside
Dorsal (Posterior)
28
towards the midline of the body
Medial
29
away from the midline of the body
Lateral
30
further from the point of the attachment limb
Distal
31
close to the point of the attachment limb
Proximal
32
towards the organs
Deep
33
towards the surface of the body (like the skin)
Superficial
34
left and right portions
Sagital
35
equal left and right halves
Midsagital
36
superior and inferior portions
Transverse (Cross)
37
contains the heart and lungs
Thoracic Cavity
38
breathing muscle
Diaphram
39
esophagus and trachea are found in the
Mediastuiam cavity
40
4 quadrants
right upper, left upper, right lower, left lower
41
9 regions
Right hypochondriac, Epigastric, Left hypochondriac, Right lumbar, Umbilical, Left lubmar,
Right iliac, hypogastric, Left iliac
42
houses the brain
Cranial Cavity
43
houses the spinal cord
Spinal or Vertebral Cavity
44
maintenance of constant internal environment within the body, depsite the changing environmental conditions
Homeostasis
45
response inhibits (stops) the stimulus
Negative Feedback
46
repsonse enhances the stimulus, example ; blood clotting
Postive Feedback
47
most common body elements
C (Carbon) , H (Hydrogen) , O (Oxygen) ,N (Nitrogen)
48
association between an atom and an element
Elements are made of like atoms
49
forms elements and are electrically neutral (carry no charge)
Atoms
50
electrons filled of atoms
Orbitals
51
two or more atoms have transferred electrons to sastisfy the octet rule
Ionic Bonds
52
atom that has lost or gained electrons
Ion
53
atom has lost electrons and has positive charge
Cation
54
atom has gained electrons and has negative charge
Anion
55
when two or more atoms share electrons
Convalent Bonds
56
electrons shared equally
Nonpolar
57
electrons are not shared equally
Polar
58
the sum of all chemical reactions in the body
Metabolism
59
two or more atoms or molecules combine to form a larger, more complex molecule
Anabolic Reaction
60
molecule is broken down into smaller molecules
Catabolic Reaction, also known as decomposition reaction
61
polymers broken down into monomers, involves water
Hydrolosis
62
results when electrons are unequally shared among atoms that are convalently bonded together
Polarity
63
two reactions that involve water
Hydrolisi and dehydration synthesis
64
fluid inside of the cells
Intracellular Fluid
65
fluid outside of the cells
Extracelluar Fluid
66
substances that ionize or break apart when dissolved in water
Electrolytes
67
exmaples of electrolytes
Acids, bases and salts
68
chemicals that donate hydrogen
Acids
69
chemicals that donate hydroxide
Bases
70
Acids are found
below 7
71
Bases are found
above 7
72
C6H12O6
Organic
73
H20
Inorganic
74
NH3
Inorganic
75
HCL
Inorganic
76
CH4
Organic
77
ph 9
Basic
78
ph 7.5
Basic
79
ph 3
Acidic
80
ph 7
Neutral
81
building block of monomers, contain between 3 and 7 carbon atoms and can be quickly broken down by the body to give energy
Monosaccharide
82
storage of glucose in humans
Glycogen
83
commonly known as fiber
Cellulose
84
cholesterol
important steriod
85
forms the plasma membrane structure
Phospholipids
86
linear sequence of amino acids forming a phypeptide chain
Primary
87
how a protein twist due to the formation of hydrogen bond
Secondary
88
protein bends and folds to form a 3D shape
Tertiary
89
2 or more linked polypeptides
Quarternary
90
genetic control center of the cell
Nucleus
91
made of semi fluid medium that holds cell organelles
Cytoplasm
92
protein synthesis
Ribsosomes
93
Rough ER Synthensizes
Protein
94
Smooth ER Synthesizes
Ribosomes
95
Storage and transport of substances into and out of the cell
Vesicles
96
Modify, Package, and secrete substances in vesicle from the cell
Golgi Apparatus
97
digest cellular waste and worn out organelles
Mitochondria
98
forms a flexible internal frameworks
Cytoskeleton
99
digest cellular waste
Lysosomes
100
found on stationary cells
Cilia
101
provides movement of the sperm cell
Flagella
102
aids in the formation of cilia and flagella
Centrioles
103
periodoof growth and preparation for cell division
Interphase
104
chromatids condense into chromsomes
Prophase
105
chromosomes line up
Metaphase
106
chromatids are seperated and move towards opposite poles
Anaphase
107
reverse of prophase
Telophase
108
genetic info stores in the body
DNA
109
used to create proteins
RNA
110
ATP is
Energy
111
Iso =
Same
112
Hypo =
Below
113
Hyper =
Above
114
involves movement of substances without energy
Passive Method
115
movement across the membrane from HI to LO solute concentration
Diffusion
116
examples of substances that move by diffusion
Small ions and lipid based substances
117
building block is nucelotides
Nucleic Acids
118
muscles, hair, skin, and nails
Intugementary (proteins)
119
import of large molecules
Endocytosis
120
export of large molecules
Exocytosis
121
SOLID at room temp.. max # of hydrogen bonds
Saturated Fats
122
LIQUID at room temp.. do not have hydrogen bonds
Unsaturated Fats
123
type of selective transport in which substances are moved into a cell, NO ENERGY REQUIRED
Facilitated Diffusion
124
movement of water
Osmosis
125
DNA is in the form of chromatin
Interphase
126
DNA is replicated
S Phase
127
portion of the cell cycle when the cell reproduces
Mitosis
128
division of organelles and cytopasm
Cytoskinesis
129
4 phases of mistosis
Prophase, Metaohase, Anaphase, and Telophase
