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BIO110 Chapters 1-3 > BIO110 Chapter 1-2, Exam 1 > Flashcards

BIO110 Chapter 1-2, Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

the study of form or structure

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

bigger picture of the body, anatomy seen with the naked eye

A

Gross or macroscopic Anatomy

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3
Q

need of a microscope or other device to view the cells or tissues of the body

A

Microscopic Anatomy

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4
Q

Study of Function

A

Physiology

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5
Q

Relationship between anatomy and psyhsiology

A

Form follows function

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6
Q

Building blocks of all matter

A

Atom

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7
Q

Building blocks of all life

A

Cells

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8
Q

2 or more different types of cells working together to perform and specific function.

A

Tissue

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9
Q

2 or more different types of tissue working together to perform a specific function.

A

Organ

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10
Q

2 or more different types of organs working together to perform a specific function.

A

Organ System

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11
Q

Composed of the organ system

A

Organisms

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12
Q
  • Protects the body from external enviroment
  • rprovides sensory info.
  • regulates body temp
A

Integumentary System

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13
Q
  • supports the body and anchors organs
  • protects internal organs
  • allows for movement with aid of muscles
  • stores calcium salts
  • produces blood cells
A

Skeletal System

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14
Q
  • produces movement
  • generates heat
  • provides support to the joints
A

Muscular System

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15
Q
  • allows for sensory input
  • performs integration of nervous signals
  • stimulates motor output
A

Nervous System

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16
Q

*coordinates the body’s activities along with other body systems

A

Endocrine System

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17
Q
  • transports nutrients, wastes, and blood gases

* protects body from infection and blood loss

A

Cardiovascular System

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18
Q

*provides immunity

A

Lymphatic System

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19
Q
  • delivers oxygen to blood

* removes carbon dioxide from the body (breathing, lungs)

A

Respiratory System

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20
Q
  • digest food

* aborbs nutrients

A

Digestive System

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21
Q
  • removes waste from the blood
  • regulates blood ph
  • stimulates blood cell info
A

Urinary System

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22
Q

*produces male and female sex hormones

A

Reproduction System

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23
Q

Facing front, feet vertical, hands to the side, palms facing foward

A

Anatomical Postition

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24
Q

toward the head

A

Superior

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25
Q

away from the head

A

Inferior

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26
Q

toward the face

A

Superior (Ventral)

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27
Q

away from the face, toward the backside

A

Dorsal (Posterior)

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28
Q

towards the midline of the body

A

Medial

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29
Q

away from the midline of the body

A

Lateral

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30
Q

further from the point of the attachment limb

A

Distal

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31
Q

close to the point of the attachment limb

A

Proximal

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32
Q

towards the organs

A

Deep

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33
Q

towards the surface of the body (like the skin)

A

Superficial

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34
Q

left and right portions

A

Sagital

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35
Q

equal left and right halves

A

Midsagital

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36
Q

superior and inferior portions

A

Transverse (Cross)

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37
Q

contains the heart and lungs

A

Thoracic Cavity

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38
Q

breathing muscle

A

Diaphram

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39
Q

esophagus and trachea are found in the

A

Mediastuiam cavity

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40
Q

4 quadrants

A

right upper, left upper, right lower, left lower

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41
Q

9 regions

A

Right hypochondriac, Epigastric, Left hypochondriac, Right lumbar, Umbilical, Left lubmar,
Right iliac, hypogastric, Left iliac

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42
Q

houses the brain

A

Cranial Cavity

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43
Q

houses the spinal cord

A

Spinal or Vertebral Cavity

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44
Q

maintenance of constant internal environment within the body, depsite the changing environmental conditions

A

Homeostasis

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45
Q

response inhibits (stops) the stimulus

A

Negative Feedback

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46
Q

repsonse enhances the stimulus, example ; blood clotting

A

Postive Feedback

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47
Q

most common body elements

A

C (Carbon) , H (Hydrogen) , O (Oxygen) ,N (Nitrogen)

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48
Q

association between an atom and an element

A

Elements are made of like atoms

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49
Q

forms elements and are electrically neutral (carry no charge)

A

Atoms

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50
Q

electrons filled of atoms

A

Orbitals

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51
Q

two or more atoms have transferred electrons to sastisfy the octet rule

A

Ionic Bonds

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52
Q

atom that has lost or gained electrons

A

Ion

53
Q

atom has lost electrons and has positive charge

A

Cation

54
Q

atom has gained electrons and has negative charge

A

Anion

55
Q

when two or more atoms share electrons

A

Convalent Bonds

56
Q

electrons shared equally

A

Nonpolar

57
Q

electrons are not shared equally

A

Polar

58
Q

the sum of all chemical reactions in the body

A

Metabolism

59
Q

two or more atoms or molecules combine to form a larger, more complex molecule

A

Anabolic Reaction

60
Q

molecule is broken down into smaller molecules

A

Catabolic Reaction, also known as decomposition reaction

61
Q

polymers broken down into monomers, involves water

A

Hydrolosis

62
Q

results when electrons are unequally shared among atoms that are convalently bonded together

A

Polarity

63
Q

two reactions that involve water

A

Hydrolisi and dehydration synthesis

64
Q

fluid inside of the cells

A

Intracellular Fluid

65
Q

fluid outside of the cells

A

Extracelluar Fluid

66
Q

substances that ionize or break apart when dissolved in water

A

Electrolytes

67
Q

exmaples of electrolytes

A

Acids, bases and salts

68
Q

chemicals that donate hydrogen

A

Acids

69
Q

chemicals that donate hydroxide

A

Bases

70
Q

Acids are found

A

below 7

71
Q

Bases are found

A

above 7

72
Q

C6H12O6

A

Organic

73
Q

H20

A

Inorganic

74
Q

NH3

A

Inorganic

75
Q

HCL

A

Inorganic

76
Q

CH4

A

Organic

77
Q

ph 9

A

Basic

78
Q

ph 7.5

A

Basic

79
Q

ph 3

A

Acidic

80
Q

ph 7

A

Neutral

81
Q

building block of monomers, contain between 3 and 7 carbon atoms and can be quickly broken down by the body to give energy

A

Monosaccharide

82
Q

storage of glucose in humans

A

Glycogen

83
Q

commonly known as fiber

A

Cellulose

84
Q

cholesterol

A

important steriod

85
Q

forms the plasma membrane structure

A

Phospholipids

86
Q

linear sequence of amino acids forming a phypeptide chain

A

Primary

87
Q

how a protein twist due to the formation of hydrogen bond

A

Secondary

88
Q

protein bends and folds to form a 3D shape

A

Tertiary

89
Q

2 or more linked polypeptides

A

Quarternary

90
Q

genetic control center of the cell

A

Nucleus

91
Q

made of semi fluid medium that holds cell organelles

A

Cytoplasm

92
Q

protein synthesis

A

Ribsosomes

93
Q

Rough ER Synthensizes

A

Protein

94
Q

Smooth ER Synthesizes

A

Ribosomes

95
Q

Storage and transport of substances into and out of the cell

A

Vesicles

96
Q

Modify, Package, and secrete substances in vesicle from the cell

A

Golgi Apparatus

97
Q

digest cellular waste and worn out organelles

A

Mitochondria

98
Q

forms a flexible internal frameworks

A

Cytoskeleton

99
Q

digest cellular waste

A

Lysosomes

100
Q

found on stationary cells

A

Cilia

101
Q

provides movement of the sperm cell

A

Flagella

102
Q

aids in the formation of cilia and flagella

A

Centrioles

103
Q

periodoof growth and preparation for cell division

A

Interphase

104
Q

chromatids condense into chromsomes

A

Prophase

105
Q

chromosomes line up

A

Metaphase

106
Q

chromatids are seperated and move towards opposite poles

A

Anaphase

107
Q

reverse of prophase

A

Telophase

108
Q

genetic info stores in the body

A

DNA

109
Q

used to create proteins

A

RNA

110
Q

ATP is

A

Energy

111
Q

Iso =

A

Same

112
Q

Hypo =

A

Below

113
Q

Hyper =

A

Above

114
Q

involves movement of substances without energy

A

Passive Method

115
Q

movement across the membrane from HI to LO solute concentration

A

Diffusion

116
Q

examples of substances that move by diffusion

A

Small ions and lipid based substances

117
Q

building block is nucelotides

A

Nucleic Acids

118
Q

muscles, hair, skin, and nails

A

Intugementary (proteins)

119
Q

import of large molecules

A

Endocytosis

120
Q

export of large molecules

A

Exocytosis

121
Q

SOLID at room temp.. max # of hydrogen bonds

A

Saturated Fats

122
Q

LIQUID at room temp.. do not have hydrogen bonds

A

Unsaturated Fats

123
Q

type of selective transport in which substances are moved into a cell, NO ENERGY REQUIRED

A

Facilitated Diffusion

124
Q

movement of water

A

Osmosis

125
Q

DNA is in the form of chromatin

A

Interphase

126
Q

DNA is replicated

A

S Phase

127
Q

portion of the cell cycle when the cell reproduces

A

Mitosis

128
Q

division of organelles and cytopasm

A

Cytoskinesis

129
Q

4 phases of mistosis

A

Prophase, Metaohase, Anaphase, and Telophase

BIO110 Chapters 1-3 (2 decks)

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