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Biological Basis of Behavior > Bio Week 6 - Somatosensory > Flashcards

Bio Week 6 - Somatosensory Flashcards

1
Q

Receptors in the skin are not specific for various types of sensory information.

True or false?

A

False

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2
Q

Cutaneous sensors are specific to what types of sensory information?

a. Pressure and temperature
b. Direction of movement
c. Internal organs.
d. All of the bad

A

a. Pressure and temperature

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3
Q

Cutaneous sensors exclude what type of sensors

a. Vibration
b. Pain
c. Pressure & Temperature
d. Position of limbs

A

d. Position of limbs

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4
Q

Where do cutaneous senses that form the sense of touch come from?

a. Skin
b. Nerves
c. Bones
d. Tendons

A

a. Skin

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5
Q

Kinesthesia is related to which of the following?

a. Touch
b. Internal Organ functioning
c. Body position and Movement
d. Brain waves

A

c. Body position and Movement

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6
Q

Kinesthesia excludes what function?

a. Position of limb
b. Internal Organ functioning
c. Strength in movement
d. Direction of movement

A

b. Internal Organ functioning

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7
Q

Where do kinesthesia receptor signals that provides information concerning the position and movement of the body?

a. Joints
b. Tendons
c. Muscles
d. All of the above

A

d. All of the above

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8
Q

Touch and the identity of an object in your hand involve what combination of sensory information?

a. Touch and motor movement feedback
b. Touch and temperature feedback
c. Temperature and visual object recognition
d. Visual object recognition and motor movement feedback

A

a. Touch and motor movement feedback

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9
Q

Somatosensory Pathways enter the spinal cord through the ______?

a. Cranial nerve 5
b. Trigeminal nerve
c. Dorsal root
d. Cerebellum

A

c. Dorsal root

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10
Q

Axons from receptors of the ________ and the _________ go through the trigeminal nerve.

a. Hands and feet
b. Face and shoulders
c. Hands and face
d. Face and head

A

d. Face and head

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11
Q

The dorsal columns carry information related to ________, which is precisely located.

a. Touch
b. Movement
c. Pain
d. Temperature

A

a. Touch

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12
Q

The Spinothalamic tract carries _______ and _______ signals that are said to be poorly localized.

a. Touch & Movement
b. Pain & Temperature
c. All of the above
d. None of the above

A

b. Pain & Temperature

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13
Q

Fine Touch and Kinesthesia are localized in what brain structure(s)?

a. Ascend in dorsal columns of the spinal cord
b. Cross over both sides of brain and in nuclei in medulla
c. Localized in primary somatosensory cortex
d. Localized in association somatosensory cortex
e. All of the above

A

e. All of the above

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14
Q

Pain and temperature synapse and cross eventually after entering the spinal cord and provides sensory input for movement.

True or false.

A

False. Pain and temperature synapse and cross IMMEDIATELY after entering the spinal cord and provides sensory input for REFLEXES.

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15
Q

Fine Touch and Kinesthesia are localized in what brain structure(s)?

a. Ascend in spinothalamic tract of spinal cord
b. Ventral posterior Thalamus
c. Localized in primary somatosensory cortex
d. Localized in association somatosensory cortex
e. All of the above
f. A and D only

A

e. All of the above

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16
Q

What is the organization of the somatosensory cortex, which allows responds to input from a certain area of the body?

a. Maps
b. Rows
c. Disorganization
d. Columns

A

d. Columns

17
Q

An example of Tactile Agnosia caused by damage in the Left parietal lobe (somatosensory association area) with intact tactile discrimination would be…?

a. Being able to draw an object held in hand but not be able to identify the object
b. Inability to recognize the object held in hand
d. A and B
e. None of the above

A

b. Inability to recognize the object held in hand

18
Q

An example of Tactile Agnosia caused by bilateral damage in the parietal lobe (somatosensory association area) with intact tactile discrimination would be…?

a. Being able to draw an object held in hand but not be able to identify the object
b. Inability to recognize the object held in hand
c. A and B only
e. None of the above

A

a. Being able to draw an object held in hand but not be able to identify the object

19
Q

What are 3 perceptual effects/components of pain?

A
  1. ) Sensory component (detects pain)
  2. ) Immediate emotional response (aversiveness)
  3. ) Long-term emotional consequences of chronic pain
    * All 3 are mediated by different brain mechanisms.
20
Q

Where is the sensory aspect of pain mediated in the brain?

A

In the primary and secondary somatosensory cortex.
(Nerve endings are on skin are damaged or faced with pain, are activated and create action potential to spinal chord and into the thalamus, then project to the primary somatosensory cortex).

21
Q

How is the insula activated?

A

By pain

22
Q

How will someone that has had a stroke respond to pain?

A

The insula is effected by the stroke, so the person will register the pain but won’t react with much emotion

23
Q

Where is the emotional response to pain mediated?

A

The anterior cingulate (part of the limbic system)

24
Q

True or False: In a PET study that produced pain by submerging ones hand in cold water with and w/o hypnosis to diminish aversiveness to pain yielded the same level of pain response?

A

False. The primary somatosensory cortex was activated in both conditions and reported same pain sensitivity; Anterior cingulate cortex showed decreased activation in hypnosis and pain level was less.

25
Q

True or False: People’s Anterior cingulate cortex was activated when they saw their significant other experience pain or heard words denoting pain.

A

True.

26
Q

What does the release of endogenous opioids produce?

A

Analgesia

27
Q

Where are endogenous opioids released?

A

Periaqueductal gray (PD receives input from frontal lobes, amygdala, and hypothalamus, allowing for learning emotions to affect responsiveness to pain).

28
Q

What is an alternative way that is known to produce an endogenous opioid response and activate the body’s opioid system?

A

Accupuncture. Sex (genital stimulation).

29
Q

True or False: Subjects in a study could tolerate more pain when Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) activation decreased, and could tolerate less pain when ACC activation was increased?

A

True

Biological Basis of Behavior (3 decks)

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