Bio - Unit 4 - Cells Flashcards
cytology
study of cells
organelle
(little organ) membrane-bound cell structure that performs 1 or more functions
nucleus
the control center of the cell (contains DNA)
found in both
nucleolus
structure inside the nucleus that produces ribosomes
found in both
nuclear membrane/envelope
surrounds nucleus and separates it from the cytoplasm; has nuclear pores/holes
found in both
cell membrane
boundary between inside and outside of cell; controls movement of materials in and out of cell
found in both
cell wall
surrounds cell membrane; protects and supports the plant; contains cellulose (gives plants strength and rigidity
found in plant cells
cytoplasm
jelly-like material that fills the cell; holds organelles in place and gives the cell its shape
found in both
ribosome
where proteins are made; some are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum, some are free in the cytoplasm
found in both
rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER)
transport materials; has ribosomes attached
found in both
smooth endoplasmic reticulum (sER)
transports materials and makes lipids; no ribosomes attached; contains enzymes that perform many tasks, like detoxication of drugs
fun fact: liver contains large amounts of smooth ER
found in both
golgi body/apparatus/complex
packages and ships products made by the cell; puts the finishing touches on proteins that are made
found in both
lysosome
contains enzymes that digest/recycle cell waste and old organelles that don’t function anymore; enzymes also break down organic molecules
found in both
(more common in animal cells; rare in plant cells)
vacuole
a space where food, water, salts, proteins, and carbs are stores
found in both
(much larger in plant cells)
chloroplast
converts light energy into chemical energy (photosynthesis); sunlight+carbon dioxide+water -> glucose+water
found in plant cells
mitochondria
place where food molecules are broken down to release energy that can be used by the cell (cellular respiration); glucose+oxygen -> carbon dioxide+water+energy (ATP)
found in both
cytoskeleton
provides support for the cell; helps in movement and maintains the shape
microtubules - hollow tubes maintain shape; cell division
microfilaments - fibers that are not hollow; is a framework that supports the cell
found in both
cell theory - 3 things
1) living things made up of 1 or more cells
2) cells are the basic unit of life
3) new cells come from existing cells
