Bio - Unit 1 - Protein synthesis; DNA; RNA Flashcards
what does DNA stand for?
deoxyribonucleic acid
What are DNA monomers?
nucleotides
What are the parts of a nucleotide?
Nitrogen base, 5-carbon sugar (deoxyribose), phosphate
What unzips the DNA in the replication process?
DNA helicase
What forms the DNA back together in DNA replication?
DNA polymerase
Two differences between DNA and RNA
DNA: cannot leave nucleus; double strand
RNA: can leave nucleus; single strand
What did Erwin Chargaff do?
Discovered A=T and G=C
What is the start codon?
AUG - Methiodine
What is mutation?
Altercation of a nucleic acid which therefore changed a gene
Mutations that change a single gene?
What is a nonsense substitution mutation?
A mutation where a gene is substituted and changes to a stop codon
What is a frameshift mutation?
A mutation where a gene is taken or added causing the lineup to shift
What is a deletion
a frameshift mutation where a gene is taken away
What enzyme is responsible for transcription?
RNA polymerase
What is a point mutation?
a mutation with a single base pair which occur at a single point
