Bio unit 3 review Flashcards
What are the main three macromolecules
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins
What are carbohydrates
Preferred source of energy for cells, made of C,H,O (common formula CH2O), monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides
What are monosaccharides
Single sugars (glucose, fructose, galactose)
What are disaccharides
2 monosaccharides - ex. Sucrose (glucose+fructose), lactose(glucose+galactose), maltose(glucose+glucose)
What are polysaccharides
Chains of monosaccharides - starch (energy storage molecule for plants), cellulose (structural component of cell. Walls, humans can’t digest) , glycogen (energy storage molecule for animals, chains of glucose, stored in muscle and liver cells
What are lipids
Hydrophobic molecules, triglycerides, phospholipids, unsaturated fats, saturated fats
What are triglycerides
Long term energy storage, glycerol + fatty acid chains
What are phospholipids
Main component of cell membrane, hydrophilic phosphate head + 2 hydrophobic fatty acid tails
What are unsaturated fats
Liquids at room temp(oil),
fatty acid chains containing 1 or more double bonds (mono-/polyunsaturated fats) = bent chains
Bent chains do not sit flat together = fewer intermolecular forces of attraction = liquids
What are saturated fats
Solids at room temperature
Fatty acid chains containing only single bonds = straight chains
Straight chains sit flat together = stronger intermolecular forces of attraction = solids
What are proteins
Long chains of amino acids joined by peptide bonds, enzymes, hormones, muscle tissue, cell membrane receptors, and channels
What are vitamins and minerals
Micronutrients that don’t provide energy, obtained food or synthesized in the body (vitamin D), vital to many cellular processes and structures (bones, fluid balance, metabolism, etc), vitamins can be water soluble or fat soluble
What is the role of water
2/3 of body weight, transports nutrients and wastes, main Component of blood plasma, synovial fluid in joints, and mucus, regulates body temp(sweat), eliminate waste (urine)
What are the stages of digestion
Ingestion - taking in food
Digestion - mechanical (chewing/moving in stomach) chemical (enzymes)
Absorption - digestion molecules are absorbed into the circulatory system to be distributed around the body
Elimination - removal of undirected solid waste
What are the main parts of the mouth and what they do
Salivary glands
- parotid, sublingual, glands
- secretes saliva into the mouth to begin digestive process
- saliva bid solves water soluble able substance as and has amylase to start breaking down starch
