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AP Psych > Bio Unit > Flashcards

Bio Unit Flashcards

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1
Q

lesion

A

destroy

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2
Q

EEG (electroencephalogram)

A

amplified recording of waves from electrical activity

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3
Q

MEG (magnetoencephalography)

A

brain imaging that measure magnetic fields from brain’s natural electrical activity

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4
Q

CT (computer tomography) scan

A

series of X-Ray photos to see brain structure, can locate brain damage

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5
Q

PET (positron emission tomography) scan

A

displays brain activity, detects where radioactive form of glucose when brain does a certain task

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6
Q

MRI (magnetic resonance imagin)

A

uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer generated images of tissue - shows brain anatomy

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7
Q

fMRI

A

measure blood flows to certain areas by comparing continuous MRI scans, showing brain function/structure

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8
Q

brainstem

A

oldest and innermost region responsible for vital functions

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9
Q

medulla

A

controls heartbeat and breathing, base of brainstem

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10
Q

thalamus

A

receives sensory info from spinal cord and sends to other areas of the brain

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11
Q

pons

A

helps coordinate movements and controls sleep

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12
Q

reticular formation

A

neuron network that filters incoming stimuli and relays important info - multitasking/arousal/alert

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13
Q

cerebellum

A

habitual movements, coordination movement and balance, little brain

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14
Q

amygdala

A

neural system linked to aggression and fear, emotion

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15
Q

hypothalamus

A

hunger, thirst, body temp, pleasure/reward, motivation, controls pituitary gland, endocrine system

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16
Q

limbic system

A

contains amygdala, hypothalamus, hippocampus associated with emotion/drive

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17
Q

hippocampus

A

neural center that helps process and store conscious memories

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18
Q

cerebral cortex

A

interconnected neural cells covering hemisphere - ultimate control and information processing center

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19
Q

frontal lobes

A

making plans and judgement, speaking and muscle movements, filter, moral compass

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20
Q

parietal lobes

A

receives and registers sensory information for touch and body position, temperature, pain

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21
Q

occipital lobes

A

includes areas that receive information about vision

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22
Q

temporal lobes

A

part of cerebral cortex that includes auditory areas, hearing

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23
Q

motor cortex

A

controls voluntary movements, at rear of frontal lobe

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24
Q

somatosensory cortex

A

front of parietal lobe that registers, processes body touch and sensations

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25
Q

auditory cortex

A

in temporal lobe, receives information from ears

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26
Q

visual cortex

A

in occipital lobe, receives information from eyes

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27
Q

association areas

A

areas in the cerebral cortex that are involved in higher mental thinking, learning, remembering, speaking, etc.

28
Q

plasticity

A

brain’s ability to adjust to change, reorganizing, neural change, especially during childhood

29
Q

neurogenesis

A

formation of new neurons

30
Q

broca’s area

A

producing speech

31
Q

wernicke’s area

A

comprehending speech

32
Q

corpus callosum

A

wide band of axon fibers connecting hemispheres and carrying messages between them

33
Q

left hemisphere

A

receives information from right field of vision, action goes to right side of body, language, speech

34
Q

right hemisphere

A

receives information from left field of vision, action goes to left side of body, drawing, spacial awareness

35
Q

consciousness

A

subjective awareness of ourselves and our environment

36
Q

cognitive neuroscience

A

the study of brain activity linked with cognition (thinking, memory, language, perception)

37
Q

dual processing

A

principle that information is processed consciously and unconsciously at the same time on separate tracks

38
Q

blindsight

A

condition that people can respond to visual stimulus without consciously experiencing it, acting as if you could see

39
Q

parallel processing

A

processing many aspects of a problem at once, good for well learned subjects and easy problems (can be efficient unconscious)

40
Q

sequential processing

A

processing one aspect at a time, good for new information and hard problems (efficient consciously)

41
Q

acetylcholine

A

muscle movement, memory, learning

42
Q

dopamine

A

pleasurable emotions, movement, learning, too much associated with psychotic episodes (schizophrenia)

43
Q

serotonin

A

associated with depression, (happiness), dreaming, mood

44
Q

norepinephrine

A

heart rate, sleep, stress, appetite

45
Q

endorphins

A

relieves pain, associated with exercise

46
Q

glutamate

A

excitatory neurotransmitters (starts) learning/memory

47
Q

GABA

A

inhibitory neurotransmitters (stops)

48
Q

melatonin - pineal gland

A

internal clock - sleep

49
Q

insulin/glucagon

A

regulates blood sugar

50
Q

oxytocin - pituatary

A

facilitating childbirth, “love drug”

51
Q

adrenaline/adrenal gland

A

triggers fight/flight

52
Q

testosterone/estrogen

A

sexuality/fertility/puberty

53
Q

central nervous system

A

brain/spinal cord, command center

54
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

connects CNS to rest of body through nerves

55
Q

sensory/afferent

A

carry messages to brain- conducts impulses from receptors to CNS

56
Q

motor/efferent

A

carry messages away from brain - conducts impulses to muscles from CNS

57
Q

somatic nervous system

A

voluntary movement, impulses from CNS to skeletal muscles

58
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

involuntary functions, impulses from CNS to cardiac muscles, contains sympathetic and parasympathetic NS

59
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

arouses body (raising blood pressure, heartbeat, etc)

60
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

calms body down, conserves energy

61
Q

homeostasis

A

parasympathetic/sympathetic nervous system work together to maintain this, internal steady state

62
Q

wernicke’s area

A

comprehending speech

63
Q

dendrite

A

receives incoming information from other neurons

64
Q

soma/cell body

A

processes message

65
Q

axon

A

carries message, nodes and myelin sheath make it faster

66
Q

axon terminal

A

sends message into synaptic cleft

AP Psych (3 decks)

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