Bio Tips

Question 1

‘Able to adapt’

Answer 1

Okay for natural selection

Question 2

Osmosis in a plant cell - more concentrated outside

Answer 2

Water osmoses out of the cell cytoplasm, and therefore out of the vacuole

Question 3

Number of alleles

Answer 3

Think about homozygous - one cell will have 2, heterozygous - one cell will have 1

Question 4

Increasing rate

Answer 4

Doubling both substrate and enzyme means rate stays the same!!

Stirring increases rate

Question 5

Volume of gas produced

Answer 5

πr2h

Pay attention to diameter!

Question 6

Observable at 40x

Answer 6

Cell wall ✅
Mitochondria ❌
Chromosomes ❌

Question 7

Number of strands of DNA

Answer 7

Chromosome number x2

Number of dna molecules x2

Question 8

Rate of product formed per enzyme molecule

Answer 8

Mg/min-1

Question 9

Inserting a gene into another gene

Answer 9

Means the original gene cannot function

Question 10

Proteins are more likely to be similar in

Answer 10

Look at DNA sequences - which amino acids will be produced

Question 11

Trying to stop resistance

Answer 11

Maintains genetic variation

Question 12

Mutations can change

Answer 12

Sequence of bases, proteins produced and alleles (if genotype has changed)

Chromosomes still contain the same genes

Question 13

Binary fission

Answer 13

Could have mutations

Question 14

Oxygen debt

Answer 14

Does not take into account oxygen used for aerobic respiration
Only starts at rest

Question 15

Due to another environmental factor

Answer 15

Is everything controlled? Probs not

Question 16

Mitosis:

Answer 16

Is not growth or repair, just replacement

Question 17

It is never just anaerobic respiration taking place

Answer 17

!

Question 18

Natural selection

Answer 18

Competition can be intraspecific or interspecific

Question 19

Translocation

Answer 19

Can go from leaves to roots

Question 20

Carbon cycle:

Answer 20

Digestion: animals digesting pants, decomposers digesting animals
Respiration: of plants, animals and decomposers straight into atmosphere

Question 21

Diabetes treatment

Answer 21

… insulin injections?

Question 22

Advantageous alléles

Answer 22

Have to be formed in gametes, not somatic cells

Question 23

Remember:

Answer 23

Genes are found in every cell

Question 24

Phenotypic Ratio

Answer 24

Remember, in dominant conditions both the homozygous dominant and the heterozygous have the same phenotype

Question 25

If given a diagram

Answer 25

Observe all features | Eg lumen size, wall diameter

Question 26

Ureter

Answer 26

Kidney -> bladder | Highest concentration of urea

Question 27

Urethra

Answer 27

Bladder -> outside world | Urine

Question 28

Renal vein

Answer 28

Low urea conc

Question 29

Double axis

Answer 29

Look at the values! Are they the same??

Question 30

If respiration stops

Answer 30

Passive processes are unaffected for a time

Question 31

Differences in glucose concentration

Answer 31

Are not necessarily Indicative if changes in water concentration

Question 32

Clean water

Answer 32

Stonefly | Mayfly

Question 33

Low pollution

Answer 33

Shrimp | Caddis

Question 34

Moderate pollution

Answer 34

Bloodworm | Water louse

Question 35

High pollution

Answer 35

Sludge worm | Red-tailed maggot

Question 36

Very high pollution

Answer 36

No living insects

Question 37

Pollution

Answer 37

Point at which pollution flows in means none has occurred yet

Question 38

Tropisme

Answer 38

Cells that are elogating - they are obviously larger That is where there is a higher concentration of hormone Unidirectional light causes changes in plant hormone levels

Question 39

Hardy Weinburg

Answer 39

Draw a table of multiples for each allele to find genotype (and therefore phenotype) probabilities

Question 40

Amount of energy passed on at each trophic level

Answer 40

It’s like composite growth

Question 41

The bronchus

Answer 41

Multiple tissues working together - it is an organ

Question 42

If genes are only found on X Christine

Answer 42

Gene does not appear on Y | Men will only have allele of phenotype

Question 43

Substrate

Answer 43

Cannot be produced! Language is important!

Question 44

If substrate levels are increased

Answer 44

Rate of substrate loss, rate of ESC formation and rate of product formed per enzyme stay the same

Question 45

Diploid

Answer 45

46 chromosomes

Question 46

Drawing allele grids

Answer 46

It’s a probability grid Do it like a hétérozygote with probabilities of each allele multiplied for genotype probability