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NSAA > Bio Tips > Flashcards

Bio Tips Flashcards

1
Q

‘Able to adapt’

A

Okay for natural selection

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2
Q

Osmosis in a plant cell - more concentrated outside

A

Water osmoses out of the cell cytoplasm, and therefore out of the vacuole

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3
Q

Number of alleles

A

Think about homozygous - one cell will have 2, heterozygous - one cell will have 1

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4
Q

Increasing rate

A

Doubling both substrate and enzyme means rate stays the same!!

Stirring increases rate

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5
Q

Volume of gas produced

A

πr2h

Pay attention to diameter!

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6
Q

Observable at 40x

A

Cell wall ✅
Mitochondria ❌
Chromosomes ❌

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7
Q

Number of strands of DNA

A

Chromosome number x2

Number of dna molecules x2

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8
Q

Rate of product formed per enzyme molecule

A

Mg/min-1

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9
Q

Inserting a gene into another gene

A

Means the original gene cannot function

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10
Q

Proteins are more likely to be similar in

A

Look at DNA sequences - which amino acids will be produced

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11
Q

Trying to stop resistance

A

Maintains genetic variation

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12
Q

Mutations can change

A

Sequence of bases, proteins produced and alleles (if genotype has changed)

Chromosomes still contain the same genes

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13
Q

Binary fission

A

Could have mutations

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14
Q

Oxygen debt

A

Does not take into account oxygen used for aerobic respiration
Only starts at rest

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15
Q

Due to another environmental factor

A

Is everything controlled? Probs not

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16
Q

Mitosis:

A

Is not growth or repair, just replacement

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17
Q

It is never just anaerobic respiration taking place

A

!

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18
Q

Natural selection

A

Competition can be intraspecific or interspecific

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19
Q

Translocation

A

Can go from leaves to roots

20
Q

Carbon cycle:

A

Digestion: animals digesting pants, decomposers digesting animals
Respiration: of plants, animals and decomposers straight into atmosphere

21
Q

Diabetes treatment

A

… insulin injections?

22
Q

Advantageous alléles

A

Have to be formed in gametes, not somatic cells

23
Q

Remember:

A

Genes are found in every cell

24
Q

Phenotypic Ratio

A

Remember, in dominant conditions both the homozygous dominant and the heterozygous have the same phenotype

25
Q

If given a diagram

A

Observe all features

Eg lumen size, wall diameter

26
Q

Ureter

A

Kidney -> bladder

Highest concentration of urea

27
Q

Urethra

A

Bladder -> outside world

Urine

28
Q

Renal vein

A

Low urea conc

29
Q

Double axis

A

Look at the values! Are they the same??

30
Q

If respiration stops

A

Passive processes are unaffected for a time

31
Q

Differences in glucose concentration

A

Are not necessarily Indicative if changes in water concentration

32
Q

Clean water

A

Stonefly

Mayfly

33
Q

Low pollution

A

Shrimp

Caddis

34
Q

Moderate pollution

A

Bloodworm

Water louse

35
Q

High pollution

A

Sludge worm

Red-tailed maggot

36
Q

Very high pollution

A

No living insects

37
Q

Pollution

A

Point at which pollution flows in means none has occurred yet

38
Q

Tropisme

A

Cells that are elogating - they are obviously larger
That is where there is a higher concentration of hormone
Unidirectional light causes changes in plant hormone levels

39
Q

Hardy Weinburg

A

Draw a table of multiples for each allele to find genotype (and therefore phenotype) probabilities

40
Q

Amount of energy passed on at each trophic level

A

It’s like composite growth

41
Q

The bronchus

A

Multiple tissues working together - it is an organ

42
Q

If genes are only found on X Christine

A

Gene does not appear on Y

Men will only have allele of phenotype

43
Q

Substrate

A

Cannot be produced! Language is important!

44
Q

If substrate levels are increased

A

Rate of substrate loss, rate of ESC formation and rate of product formed per enzyme stay the same

45
Q

Diploid

A

46 chromosomes

46
Q

Drawing allele grids

A

It’s a probability grid

Do it like a hétérozygote with probabilities of each allele multiplied for genotype probability

NSAA (6 decks)

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