bio test 6/11/24 - osmosis, etc

Question 1

What are eukaryotic cells?

Answer 1

cells with a nucleus

Question 2

What does the nucleus do?

Answer 2

monitors the activities of the cell and contains genetic information

Question 3

What is the cytoplasm? What does it do?

Answer 3

liquid gel where all reactions happen- including respiration

Question 4

what does the cell membrane do?

Answer 4

controls what goes in and out of the cell

Question 5

what does mitochondria do?

Answer 5

where glucose is used and energy is released in respiration.

Question 6

what do ribosomes do?

Answer 6

where protein synthesis happens

Question 7

What is the function of a nerve cell?

How is it adapted to do its job?

Answer 7

Carries electrical nerve signals around your body.

Long branches to connect to other nerve cells. Long axis is covered in fat to prevent electrical signals affecting other parts of your body.

Question 8

What is the function of a root hair cell?

How is it adapted to do its job?

Answer 8

Used for absorbing water and minerals for the plant

Thin cell wall allows minerals to pass through. Large surface area to help absorb water and minerals.

Question 9

What is the function of a red blood cell?

How is it adapted to do its job?

Answer 9

Carries oxygen from the lungs around the body and CO2 from the body back to the lungs to be exhaled.

Large surface area, red pigment called haemoglobin which picks up oxygen. No nucleus to make room for CO2.

Question 10

What is the function of a white blood cell?

How is it adapted to do its job?

Answer 10

Attack pathogens to stop bacteria infecting you and making you ill.

flexible shape to help engulf disease organisms.

Question 11

What is the function of a xylem cell?

How is it adapted to do its job?

Answer 11

transports water and minerals across the plant.

contains no nucleus to allow for more room for movement.

Question 12

What is the function of a phloem cell?

How is it adapted to do its job?

Answer 12

transports food from the leaves to the rest of the plant.

lots of mitochondria to provide energy, long and joined end to end allowing food to flow easily.

Question 13

What is the function of a sperm cell?

How is it adapted to do its job?

Answer 13

to carry the father’s genetic information to the egg cell.

long tail and streamlined head to allow it to swim and find the egg, enzymes in the head to help digest into the egg cell membrane, lots of mitochondria for energy.

Question 14

What is the function of a muscle cell?

How is it adapted to do its job?

Answer 14

filaments of protein that slide to cause muscle contraction.

long cells- helps muscles contract, lots of mitochondria to provide energy.

Question 15

Fill in the gap:

Bacterial cells are [prokaryotic/eukaryotic] because they [do/do not] have a nucleus.

Answer 15

Bacterial cells are [prokaryotic] because they [do not] have a nucleus.

Question 16

Fill in the gaps-

There are exceptions when it comes to eukaryotic cells- these are ________, ________ and __________ cells, that are still eukaryotic even though they do not have a _________.

Answer 16

There are exceptions when it comes to eukaryotic cells- these are [xylem], [phloem] and [red blood] cells, that are still eukaryotic even though they do not have a [nucleus].

(this is because they have organelles and are part of an organ system- red blood cells also start off with a nucleus)

Question 17

Fill in the gaps-

Yeast is [pro/eukaryotic] and belongs to a group of organisms called _________. It is important in the process of making ________, ________ and _______. It is found in _______, _______ and on some organisms.

Answer 17

Yeast is [eukaryotic] and belongs to a group of organisms called [fungi]. It is important in the process of making [bread], [cheese] and [wine]. It is found in [soil], [water] and on some organisms.

Question 18

Fill in the gaps-

Bacteria are ________-_________ microbes with a _______ structure, a single loop of ______ rather than a nucleus, and are helpful in the production of food like _______ and ____ ______.

Answer 18

Bacteria are [single-celled] microbes with a [simple] structure, a single loop of [DNA] rather than a nucleus, and are helpful in the production of food like [yogurt] and [soy sauce].

Question 19

What is the equation for magnification?

Answer 19

Magnification = image size / actual size

M = I / A

Question 20

How do you convert between cm, mm, µm (micrometres) and nm (nanometres)?

Answer 20

cm
I
V x10
mm
I
V x1000
µm
I
V x1000
nm

Question 21

Define diffusion and its purpose

Answer 21

diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high to low concentration until they reach an equilibrium. It removes waste products out of cells and allows required products into cells.

Question 22

Give 3 factors that affect diffusion

Answer 22

• concentration gradient
• temperature
• distance particles must travel

Question 23

diffusion is [quicker/slower] when the difference in concentration is larger

Answer 23

diffusion is [quicker] when the difference in concentration is larger

Question 24

diffusion is [quicker/slower] when the temperature is higher

Answer 24

diffusion is [quicker] when the temperature is higher

Question 25

diffusion is [quicker/slower] when the distance the particles must travel is longer

Answer 25

diffusion is [slower] when the distance the particles must travel is longer