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Bio > Bio term 3 final!! > Flashcards

Bio term 3 final!! Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

List the levels of organization (atoms to organism)

A

Atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissue, organs, organ systems and organism

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2
Q

Function of DNA in a cell

A

Store the genetic information

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3
Q

Function of cytoplasm in a cell

A

Holds the shape of the cell

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4
Q

Function of ribosomes in a cell

A

The site of protein synthesis

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5
Q

Function of cell membrane

A

Protects the cell and regulates the movement of materials in and out of the cell

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6
Q

Similarities of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

A

They both have dna, cell membrane, cytoplasm and ribosomes

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7
Q

How are Eukaryotic cells different?

A

Eukaryotic cells are bigger, multicellular, have a nucleus, membrane bound organelles,

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8
Q

How are Prokaryotic cells different?

A

Prokaryotic cells are smaller, unicellular, no nucleus, DNA is free floating

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9
Q

Similarities of plant and animal cells

A

They both have a nucleus and mitochondria

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10
Q

How are Plant cells different?

A

Plant cells are bigger, have a cell wall, large vacuole, square shaped, chloroplast

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11
Q

How are Animal cells different?

A

Animal cells are smaller, has no cell well, small vacuoles, circle shaped, no chloroplast, flagella

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12
Q

What are the 4 types of macromolecules?

A

Protein, Lipids, Carbohydrate, Nucleic Acid

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13
Q

Proteins functions in the body

A

Speed up chemical reactions

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14
Q

Lipids function in the body

A

Gives long term energy

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15
Q

Carbs function in the body

A

Gives short term energy

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16
Q

Nucleic acids function in the body

A

Stores genetic information

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17
Q

Proteins building block

A

Amino acids

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18
Q

Lipids building block

A

Fatty acids and glycerol

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19
Q

Carbs building block

A

Monosaccharides (simple sugars)

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20
Q

Nucleic acid building block

A

Nucleotide

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21
Q

Examples of Proteins

A

Hair, nails, enzymes

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22
Q

Examples of Lipids

A

Cholesterol, fats, oil, grease

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23
Q

Examples of Carbs

A

Glucose, chitin, cellulose, starch

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24
Q

Examples of Nucleic acids

A

DNA, RNA

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25
Q

ATP function

A

Storing and transferring energy in cells

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26
Q

Why do organisms need ATP?

A

It provides the energy needed

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27
Q

What are the purpose of enzymes?

A

They help speed up chemical reactions in our body

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28
Q

Name three factors that affect an enzymes ability to function

A

Temp, pH and concentration

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29
Q

What happens when an enzyme is exposed to temp, pH and concentration?

A

It can denature the enzyme and the active site will change shape

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30
Q

Describe the enzyme substrate complex

A

The substrate (the key) connects to the enzyme (the lock) and the reaction can start. The reactant is the enzyme and the product is the substrate when it connects

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31
Q

What are the functions of the cell membrane?

A

Protects the cell and allows transportation of materials

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32
Q

How does the cell membrane help the cell maintain homeostasis?

A

It controls what goes in/out of the cell which keeps it selectively permeable

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33
Q

What is the function of phospholipids?

A

The foundation of the membrane and makes the cell semi permeable

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34
Q

What is the function of the Cell surface marker?

A

Identifies the cell types

35
Q

What is the function of Cholesterol?

A

Adds stability and makes the cell stronger

36
Q

What is the function of Transport proteins?

A

Helps move things across the cell membrane

37
Q

What is the function of Receptor proteins?

A

Grabs/binds to things outside of the cell

38
Q

What is the function of enzymes? (in a cell membrane)

A

Speed up chemical reactions

39
Q

What is a similarity between active and passive transport?

A

They are both dealing with energy

40
Q

Where does the energy in passive transport go?

A

aka diffusion goes from high to low

41
Q

Where does the energy in active transport go?

A

The energy goes from low to high

42
Q

What are the differences from active to passive transport?

A

Active uses energy, passive doesn’t and active goes low to high when passive goes from high to low

43
Q

Draw a cell membrane

A

Parts-Cell surface marker, carb, transport protein, receptor protein, cholesterol, enzyme

44
Q

What parts are on the outside of a cell membrane?

A

Cholesterol and cell surface marker

45
Q

What is the pathway of food?

A

mouth-pharynx-esophagus-stomach-small intestine-large intestine-rectum-anus

46
Q

Label the pancreas, liver and gallbladder on a diagram

A

good luck!

47
Q

What is made in the stomach?

A

Chyme

48
Q

What enzyme is in the stomach?

A

Pepsin

49
Q

What does the small intestine do during digestion?

A

Absorbs nutrients

50
Q

What does the large intestine do during digestion?

A

Solidifies and absorbs the water

51
Q

What does the liver do?

A

Makes bile

52
Q

What does the gallbladder do?

A

Stores bile

53
Q

Name 3 accessory organs

A

Liver, appendix, gallbladder

54
Q

What happens if you have diabetes?

A

The pancreas does not produce enough insulin

55
Q

What produces various enzymes in the body?

A

Pancreas

56
Q

Explain symptoms/disorders a person would have if their stomach had a problem

A

Stomach ache or heartburn (acid going from the stomach up to the esophagus)

57
Q

Explain symptoms/disorders a person would have if their pancreas had a problem

A

Diabetes

58
Q

Explain symptoms/disorders a person would have if their small intestine had a problem

A

Crohns disease

59
Q

Explain symptoms/disorders a person would have if their large intestine had a problem

A

Abdominal pain

60
Q

What is the overall purpose of photosynthesis?

A

To make glucose so the plant can grow and reach the sun

61
Q

Where does photosynthesis occur?

A

The chloroplast

62
Q

What is the name of the pigment that absorbs energy from the sun?

A

The chlorophyll

63
Q

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

A

Sunlight+CO2+H20—C6H12O6+O2

64
Q

What is the goal of the Light dependent reactions cycle?

A

Make ATP

65
Q

What is the goal of the Dark reaction (Calvin cycle)?

A

Use ATP to make sugar/glucose

66
Q

What happens in the light reactions cycle?

A

Sun hits chlorophyll, breaks apart H2O, takes hydrogen, releases oxygen (ATP is made)

67
Q

What happens in the dark reactions cycle?

A

Breaks apart CO2, uses carbon and ATP to build glucose

68
Q

What is the overall purpose of cellular respiration?

A

To make energy for the cell

69
Q

Where does cell respiration occur? (there are multiple)

A

The cytoplasm and the mitochondria

70
Q

What is the cellular respiration equation?

A

C6H1206+O2—CO2+H2O+ATP

71
Q

What are the similarities between aerobic and anaerobic?

A

They both start with glycolysis, and have at least 2 ATP

72
Q

How is aerobic different?

A

It has O2, in the mitochondria, produces CO2 and water, 38 ATP

73
Q

How is anaerobic different?

A

No O2, in the cytoplasm, produces lactic acid, only 2 ATP

74
Q

What does cellular respiration give off (to photosynthesis)?

A

Cellular respiration gives off water and CO2

75
Q

What does photosynthesis give off (to cellular respiration)?

A

Photosynthesis gives off glucose and O2

76
Q

What is the function of DNA replication?

A

Produce identical DNA strands

77
Q

What bases go together in DNA?

A

Guanine-Cytosine, Adenine-Thynine

78
Q

Describe the process of DNA replication

A

Helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds and polymerase connects it to another strand and then proof reads it

79
Q

Why is DNA replication a semi permeable process?

A

It has an old and new strand

80
Q

What are the similarities between DNA and RNA?

A

They both have 4 bases and have A,C,G

81
Q

What are the differences between DNA and RNA?

A

Dna has thymine, RNA has uracil, Dna is double helix, RNA is single helix

82
Q

What are the three types of RNA?

A

Messenger, transport and ribosomal

83
Q

Describe the RNA process

A

mRNA carries something to the rRNA, tRNA comes and drops an amino acid to make protein

84
Q
A

Bio (6 decks)

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