bio term 3 Flashcards
what is the definition of classification
defining and classifying groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics.
which is not a characteristic of living things
- breathing
- reproduction
- movement
- growth
breathing
What is the correct term for the removal of
toxic waste materials from living organisms with the use of the metabolism
A defaecation
b excretion
c urination
b. excretion
Which feature is a characteristic of all vertebrates? A backbone B four legs C hair D no tail
A. backbone
what is the term used to describe the classification of living things and organise them through a hierarchy system ?
taxonomy
Which feature is a characteristic of all plants? A chloroplasts B flowers C fruits D roots
a. chloroplasts
what is meant by phylum
Phylum: taxonomic ranking that comes third in the hierarchy of classification, after domain and kingdom.
6 What is the name of the phylum to which insects belong? A animals B annelids C anthropods D arthropods
D. arthropods
how to write a binomial name ?
in italics and the first letter of the genus name is always capitalized
The binomial of a tiger is Panthera tigris.
(i cant make it italics i have to pay for that feature smh)]
What is the genus to which a tiger belongs? A mammals B Panthera C tigris D vertebrates
b. Panthera
9 How do the cells of bacteria differ from the cells of plants? A They do not have a cell membrane. B They do not have cell walls. C They do not have a nucleus. D They do not have cytoplasm
c. They do not have a nucleus
what do ALL animal cells have ?
plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, and ribosomes
An organism is found growing on some stale bread. It is made up of fine threads with tiny black spore-producing structures at the tips of some of the threads. What kind of organism is it? A bacterium B fungus C plant D virus
B. fungus
name structures found only in plants cells and not in animal cells
cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole,
Which structure is found in all living cells? A cell membrane B cell wall C chloroplast D starch grain
a. cell membrane
Which substance is found in plant cell walls? A cellulose B chlorophyll C chromosome D cytoplasm
a. cellulose
Which structure controls the movement of substances into and out of a cell? A cell membrane B cell wall C cytoplasm D nucleus
a. cell membrane
What is chlorophyll?
A a green pigment that absorbs energy from light
B a substance containing starch grains
C jelly-like material inside a living cell
D the part of a cell where photosynthesis takes place
A. a green pigment that absorbs energy from light
Which structure is an organ? A human being B liver cell C onion epidermis D plant leaf
d. plant leaf
Which term is used for the chemical reactions that take place inside cells? A excretion reactions B metabolic reactions C photosynthesis reactions D respiration reactions
b. Metabolic reactions
What is defined like this? A group of organs with related functions, working together to perform body functions. A organ B organism C organ system D tissue
c. organ system
In which part of a plant cell would you find starch grains? A cell wall B chloroplast C nucleus D vacuole
b. chloroplast
How do oxygen molecules diffuse from a region of high
concentration to a region of low concentration?
A as a result of their random movement
B by moving directly towards the area of low concentration
C by moving up a concentration gradient
D by osmosis
A. as a result of their random movement
Which statement about osmosis is correct?
A It only happens if the cell provides energy.
B Solutions move from their high concentration to their low
concentration.
C Sugar moves from its low concentration to its high
concentration.
D Water molecules diffuse down their concentration gradient
d. water molecules diffuse down their concentration gradient
Which is an example of diffusion?
A the flow of blood through a blood vessel
B the loss of urine from the body
C the movement of food through the digestive system
D the net movement of oxygen into a cell
d. the net movement of oxygen into a cell
define osmosis
a process by which molecules of a solvent (such as water) pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one.
4 Some plant cells were placed in a concentrated sugar solution. Their cytoplasm and cell membranes shrank and pulled away from the cell walls. What is the term for this condition? A bursting B permeability C plasmolysis D turgidity
c. plasmolysis
define plasmolysis
Plasmolysis is the contraction of cells within plants due to the loss of water through osmosis. It is the cell membrane peeling off of the cell wall and the vacuole collapsing.
When animal cells are placed in pure water, they burst. Plant cells do not burst in these conditions.
Why don’t the plant cells burst?
A The cell wall prevents water entering the cell.
B The cell wall provides support and stops the cell from expanding
too much.
C Osmosis only takes place in animal cells, not plant cells.
D Plant cells have a higher concentration than animal cells
B. The cell wall provides support and stops the cell from expanding too muchb
A student put some pieces of raw potato into a concentrated
sugar solution. The potato pieces got shorter.
Why did this happen?
the potato cells lost water by osmosis
A piece of onion epidermis was placed in a sugar solution on a
microscope slide. All of the onion cells became plasmolysed.
Which statement is correct?
A The sugar solution diffused into the onion cells.
B The sugar solution diffused out of the onion cells.
C The water potential of the contents of the onion cells was
higher than the water potential of the sugar solution.
D The water potential of the contents of the onion cells was
lower than the water potential of the sugar solution.
C.
Which statement describes active transport?
A the movement of substances down a concentration gradient, with no need for energy supplied by the cell
B the movement of substances up a concentration gradient, with no need for energy supplied by the cell
C the movement of substances down a concentration gradient, using energy from respiration
D the movement of substances up a concentration gradient, using energy from respiration
D. the movement of substances up a concentration gradient,
using energy from respiration
Which could take place by active transport?
A the movement of carbon dioxide into a photosynthesising leaf
B the movement of carbon dioxide out of a respiring cell
C the movement of nitrate ions into a root hair cell
D the movement of oxygen into a respiring cell
c, the movement of nitrate ions into a root hair cell
Which reagent (a substance or mixture for use in chemical analysis or other reactions.) is used to test for reducing sugars? A Benedict’s B biuret C ethanol D iodine solution
a. benedict’s
Which nutrients can provide the body with energy?
proteins, fats and carbohydrates
Starch is detected using ______ ________. This turns from yellow-brown to __________ in the presence of starch.
Starch is detected using IODINE SOLUTION. This turns from yellow-brown to BLUE-BLACK in the presence of starch.
Reducing sugars are detected using Benedict’s solution.
what’s the colour change ?
from blue to cloudy orange- brick red
What is the name of the polysaccharide that is used for the storage of energy in the liver? A cellulose B glucose C glycogen D starch
c. glycogen
________ are detected using Biuret reagent
what is the colour change ?
-proteins
turns a mauve or purple colour when mixed with protein.
Which element is found in all proteins, but not in carbohydrates or fats? A carbon B hydrogen C oxygen D nitrogen
D. NITROGEN
In what form is carbohydrate transported in human blood? A glucose B glycerol C starch D sucrose
a. glucose
enzymes have an optimum temperature of 38 degrees Celsius, true or false ?
false,
enzymes are killed at high temps
true or false?
false
Some catalase was added to some hydrogen peroxide. Bubbles
of oxygen were given off. After a while, the reaction stopped.
Why did the reaction stop?
A The catalase was all used up.
B The catalase was denatured by the reaction.
C The hydrogen peroxide was all broken down.
D The oxygen given off inhibited the catalase
c. the hydrogen peroxide was all broken down
What is an active site?
A a gland that secretes a particular enzyme
B a part of an enzyme molecule into which a substrate
molecules fits
C a part of the substrate to which an enzyme molecule attaches
D a place in the body where an enzyme works
B
Why does pH affect enzyme activity?
A Changes in pH affect the shape of the active site.
B Changes in pH affect the frequency of collisions between
enzyme and substrate.
C Changes in pH affect enzyme concentration.
D Changes in pH affect the enzyme’s optimum temperature.
A.
How does carbon dioxide get into a leaf?
A into the root hairs and up through the xylem
B into the stem and up through the phloem
C through the stomata
D through the upper epidermis
c. through the stomata
How does water get into a leaf?
A into the root hairs and up through the xylem
B into the stem and up through the phloem
C through the stomata
D through the upper epidermis
a. into the root hairs and up through the xylem
In which leaf tissue does most photosynthesis take place? A upper epidermis B palisade mesophyll C spongy mesophyll D lower epidermis
b. palisade mesophyll
primary distinction between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus and prokaryotic cells do not. The nucleus is where eukaryotes store their genetic information.
Why do plants need magnesium? A to make chlorophyll B to make proteins C to supply energy D to supply vitamins
a
When leaves photosynthesise, they make carbohydrates.
In what form is the carbohydrate transported to other parts of
the plant?
A cellulose
B glucose
C starch
D sucrose
d. sucrose
Which factor could not be a limiting factor for photosynthesis? A carbon dioxide concentration B light intensity C oxygen concentration D low temperature
c. oxygen concentration
Which plant tissue transports water from roots upwards? A cortex B epidermis C mesophyll D xylem
D. xylem
How is water absorbed into a plant? A by active transport into root hairs B by diffusion through stomata C by evaporation into xylem D by osmosis into root hairs
D. by osmosis
What is transpiration? A the absorption of water from the soil B the flow of water up xylem vessels C the loss of water vapour from plant leaves D the movement of water across a root
c. the loss of water vapour from plant leaves
Which factor increases the rate of transpiration? A low humidity B low light intensity C low temperature D low wind speed
a. low humidity
Which statements about xylem and phloem are correct?
A Xylem transports water from roots to leaves, and phloem transports sucrose from regions of production to regions of storage.
B Xylem transports sucrose from leaves to roots, and phloem transports water from roots to leaves.
C Xylem transports starch from leaves to roots, and phloem transports sucrose from regions of storage to regions of photosynthesis.
D Xylem transports water from leaves to roots, and phloem transports starch from roots to leaves.
a.
What causes water to move up xylem vessels in a plant stem?
A The root hair cells use energy to move water into the roots.
B Transpiration reduces the pressure at the top of the
xylem vessels.
C The water moves up the xylem vessels by osmosis.
D Water is pushed up the xylem vessels by active transport.
b
How does water travel up xylem vessels? A by osmosis B by evaporation from cell surfaces C flowing in a continuous column D moving by active transport
c. flowing in a continuous column
Potato plants start to grow from old stem tubers in spring.
What is a source and what is a sink at this stage of the life cycle?
A Leaves are a source and roots are a sink.
B Stem tubers are a source and new shoots are a sink.
C Flowers are a sink and roots are a source.
D Leaves are a source and stem tubers are a sink.
b
explain the difference between:
enamel and dentin
Enamel is the outer covering of the crown (visible part) of the tooth.
Dentin makes up the majority of the tooth.
page 92 of coursebook.
diagram shows the upper jaw of a human.
Label A, B and C
a = central incisor b = cuspid c = first molar
a diagram shows the human digestive system
a = salivary glands b = oesophogus c = stomach d = pancreas e = small intestine (duodenum) f = small intestine (ileum) g = large intestine/colon h = anus i = rectum j = liver
give the letters (not names) of each of the following parts
i. two parts where amylase is secreted
A and F
a diagram shows the human digestive system
a = salivary glands b = oesophogus c = stomach d = pancreas e = small intestine (duodenum) f = small intestine (ileum) g = large intestine/colon h = anus i = rectum j = liver
give the letters (not names) of each of the following parts
ii. two parts where protease is secreted
C and F
a diagram shows the human digestive system
a = salivary glands b = oesophogus c = stomach d = pancreas e = small intestine (duodenum) f = small intestine (ileum) g = large intestine/colon h = anus i = rectum j = liver
give the letters (not names) of each of the following parts
iii) one part where lipase is created
small intestine
a diagram shows the human digestive system
a = salivary glands b = oesophogus c = stomach d = pancreas e = small intestine (duodenum) f = small intestine (ileum) g = large intestine/colon h = anus i = rectum j = liver
give the letters (not names) of each of the following parts
iv) the part where hydrochloric acid is secreted
c
a diagram shows the human digestive system
a = salivary glands b = oesophogus c = stomach d = pancreas e = small intestine (duodenum) f = small intestine (ileum) g = large intestine/colon h = anus i = rectum j = liver
give the letters (not names) of each of the following parts
v) two parts that make up the small intestine
e and f
a diagram shows the human digestive system
a = salivary glands b = oesophogus c = stomach d = pancreas e = small intestine (duodenum) f = small intestine (ileum) g = large intestine/colon h = anus i = rectum j = liver
give the letters (not names) of each of the following parts
vi) two parts where water is absorbed
f and g
a diagram shows the human digestive system
a = salivary glands b = oesophogus c = stomach d = pancreas e = small intestine (duodenum) f = small intestine (ileum) g = large intestine/colon h = anus i = rectum j = liver
give the letters (not names) of each of the following parts
vii) the part where egestion takes place
i
state the name of the following:
used to identify different organisms, based the organism’s observable traits. Consist of a series of statements with two choices in each step that will lead users to the correct identification
Dichotomous keys
what are 4 factors that affect transpiration
temperature.
humidity.
wind speed.
light intensity.
tooth decay happens when the hard outer ______ of the tooth is _______. This can happen when _______ in the mouth convert ______ into _____ that react with the enamel. Bacteria can then enter the softer ______ inside.
tooth decay happens when the hard outer ENAMEL of the tooth is DAMAGED. This can happen when BACTERIA in the mouth convert SUGARS into ACIDS that react with the enamel. Bacteria can then enter the softer DENTINE inside.
the reaction of photosynthesis:
carbon dioxide + water —————–> glucose + oxygen
Veins (plants) are composed of _____ and ______ cells.
The _____ distributes _____ and dissolved minerals ______ through the plant, from the _____ to the _______. The ______ carries ____(______) downward from the ______ to the _____.
Veins (plants) are composed of XYLEM and PHLOEM cells.
The XYLEM distributes WATER and dissolved minerals UPWARD through the plant, from the ROOTS to the LEAVES. The PHLOEM carries FOOD(SUGARS) downward from the LEAVES to the ROOTS.
how to test for fat
regeant: _______
inital colour: __________
colour of positive result: _____ _________
regeant: ethanol
initial colour: colourless
colour of positive result: white emulsion
how to test for protein/amino acids
regeant: _______
inital colour: __________
colour of positive result: _____/______
regeant: Biuret (a mixture of sodium hydroxide and copper sulfate)
inital colour: blue
colour of positive result: lilac/purple
how can tooth decay be prevented?
avoiding foods with a high sugar content
using toothpaste and drinking water containing fluoride
regular, effective brushing to prevent the build-up of plaque (a sticky layer on the teeth)
do you know how to read/use a dichotomous key
yes or no?
yes: great your set
no: go and do practice questions
do you know how to label and basically explain the structure of a leaf ?
yes or no?
yes: you are a star
no: go and learn
what is turgid pressure ?
Pressure exerted by fluid in a cell that presses the cell membrane against the cell wall
what happens if there is a loss of turgor ?
causes flowers and leaves to wilt.
why does loss of turgor occur in plants
because the plant doesnt get enough water, it loses water through osmosis
