Bio-Tech #1

Question 1

Biochemistry

Answer 1

the study of Life as a process that can be understood

Question 2

How does science describe Life (or the living state)?

Answer 2

Organisms must extract energy from their environment.

Possess ability to self-replicate and self-assemble.

Ability to adapt to change (evolution).

Question 3

First tier elements found in organisms

Answer 3

carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen.

Question 4

Catabolism

Answer 4

(degradation): nutrients and cell components are broken down to salvage components and/or generate energy.

Question 5

Anabolism

Answer 5

(biosynthesis): biomolecules are synthesized from simpler components.

Question 6

What is the currency of energy in metabolism?

Answer 6

ATP!!! (adenosine triphosphate)

Question 7

Central Dogma of Molecular bio

Answer 7

DNA-(transcription)->RNA-(Translation)->Protein

Question 8

3 domains of organisms

Answer 8

bacteria, eukarya, archaea

Question 9

Prokaryotes

Answer 9

simple organisms, usually single celled.

Question 10

Plasma Membrane

Answer 10

functions to compartmentalize the intracellular space from the outside environment.

Question 11

DNA strands are_________

Answer 11

complementary: the sequence of one strand implies the sequence of the other.

Question 12

Biological complementarity leads to _________

Answer 12

reps

replication

Question 13

Replication leads to ______

Answer 13

error rates which are actually quite low

Question 14

How often are there errors in replication?

Answer 14

1 in 10^8 to 10^10

Question 15

can mispairing lead to a selective advantage?

Answer 15

yes, Darwinian Evolution

Question 16

Darwinian Evolution

Answer 16

all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual’s ability to compete, survive, and reproduce.

Question 17

Eukaryotes

Answer 17

increased complexity, multicellular organisms

Question 18

what leads to increased complexity in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 18

compartmentalization

Question 19

Eukaryotes

Answer 19

increased complexity, multicellular organisms

Question 20

Where are eukaryotic cells organelles ?

Answer 20

Eukaryotic cells have organelles, that are separated into membrane-enclosed compartments

Question 21

Eukaryotic plasma membranes allow for _____

Answer 21

regulation

Question 22

How many chromosomes do humans have?
Yeast?
hermit crab?

Answer 22

humans: 46

Mr. Krabs: ~254

Yeast: 34

Question 23

how did life originate?

Answer 23

In 3 stages

Question 24

Stage 1 of how life originated

Answer 24

Chemical Evolution: in which simple geologically occurring molecules reacted to form complex organic polymers

Question 25

Stage 2 of how life originated

Answer 25

Self-Organization: Collections of these polymers organize to form replicating entities. This marks the transition from a lifeless collection of reacting molecules to a living system.

Question 26

Stage 3 of how life originated

Answer 26

Biological Evolution: Natural selection occurs to ultimately form the complex web of modern life.