Bio - Review

Question 1

Define MRSGREN

Answer 1

M - movement
R - reproduction
S - sensitivity
G - growth
R - respiration
E - excretion
N - Nutrition

Question 2

What does biotic and abiotic mean?

Answer 2

Biotic - living
Abiotic - nonliving

Question 3

What is a cell

Answer 3

The basic unit of life. All organisms are made up of at least one cell.

Question 4

Cell theory

Answer 4

All cells have come from pre-existing cells

Question 5

What does a plant, animal, bacteria and amboebas cells gave in common?

Answer 5

Genetic material, cytosol, ribosomes, a Plasma membrane.

Question 6

What is genetic material, cytosol, ribosome, Plasma membrane?

Answer 6

Genetic material - hereditary information, container genes that code for proteins.
Cytosol - liquid inside cells, consiting 80% of water, salte and organic molecule.
Ribosome- area of protein synthesis
Plasma membrane - selects what leaves and enters the cell

Question 7

Bacteria

Answer 7

First organisms on earth
Very common
Prokaryote - doesn’t contain membrane bound organelles, Single celles

Question 8

Prokaryote and eukaryote

Answer 8

Prokqryote - Single celled organisms with no membrane bound organelles (e.g. ribosome, mitochondria). Prokaryotic organisms ade bacteria and archaea. No nucleus
Eukaryote - Single called or multicellular organisms, container membrane bound organelles. Has nucleus. Examples are fungi, plants and animals.

Question 9

Single celled organisms va multicellular organism

Answer 9

Single - organisms contain one cell only
Mulit- an organism contains many cells

Question 10

Membrane bound organelles

Answer 10

Structures either cells that have membranes

Question 11

Cellular Features of prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 11

Pro - lacks membrane bound organelles
- Contains ribosomes
- Genetic material is one circular DNA chromosomes located in nucleoid
- Contain small rings of double stranded DNA called plasmid
- Plasma membrane is surrounded by a cell wall
- Some bacteria have a capsule around cell wall for extra Protection
- Some have flagella for movement and pili for attaching to surface

Eukaryotic -
- contains membrane bound organelles
- contains ribosomes
- genetic material is linear in nucleus
- Plasma membrane encloses the cytoplasm
- cell wall is present in fingi, plants and Some protists
- flagella or cilia for movement (except fungi cells)

Question 12

What are organelles

Answer 12

Structures in cells that have specific functions.

Question 13

Organelle
- The nucleus

Answer 13

Structure:
- encloses in a double membrane nuclear envelope
- contains chromatin (dna and protein)
- nucleolus inside contains rna
- nuclear pores Allow RNA &other materiala to leave the nucleus

Function:
- stories and executes the genetic code in the dna
- rna carries the code to ribosomes to produced the proteins that co trolls the cells activities
- the dna is passed onto daughter cells during mitosis and meiosis

What it contains
- nuclear envelope
- chromatin
- nucleolus
- nuclear pore

Question 14

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 14

Structure:
- membrane bound, with a system of tubules
- rough ER is studied with ribosomes
- Smooth ER has no ribosomes

Function:
- Smooth ER : produces and transport of lipids
- rough ER: transports proteins in vehicles to the golgir apparatus

What it contains
- Smooth ER
- rough ER
- nucleus
- ribosomes

Question 15

Ribosome

Answer 15

Structure :
- non membrane and made up of protein and ribosomal RNA

Function:
- synthesis of proteins, process known as translatioj
- ribosomes in cytosol make proteins useful for inside the cell, ribosomes on rough ER make proteins useful for outside of cell.
- Rna carries the code to make proteins
What it contains
- large subunit
- small subunut
- mRNA

Question 16

Golgi apparatus

Answer 16

Structure - Layers of membrane bound stacks

Function:
- takes in proteins from the ER
- modifies and package proteins into secretory vehicles for exporting from the cell by exocytosis

What it contains:
- secretory vesicle

Question 17

Vesicle

Answer 17

Structure
- membrane bound sac

Function
- transports materials between organelles and the cell
- exports materials outside of cell - exocytosis
- bangs materials inside cells - endocytosis
- vehicles are produced and absorbed by golgi apparatus and ER membrane.

Question 18

Lysosome - in animals

Answer 18

Structure
- membrane bound says containing digestive enzymes (lysozymes)
- related to vesicles and have a similar structure, but are not found in pants

Function
- break down materials no longer required or Foreign matter

Question 19

Vacuole

Answer 19

Structure
- membrane (tonoplast) bound sace
- develop from vesicles

Function
- Storage of substances (e.g water and ions)
- vacuoles are larger in plants than animals and are important in maintaining plant Structure
- site of states 2 and 3 of aerobic cellular respiration , which released usable energy in the form of ATP molecules