Bio Replication Flashcards
Replication
process by which DNA (genetic information) is copied during the cell cycle
Replication ensures that
…every cell has a complete set of identical genetic information
In Humans= 46 chromosom
What “drives” replication?
Proteins and enzymes carry out the process of replication
Enzymes
-Enzymes unzip…………
-Enzymes connect………
Enzymes check…………..
unzip the double helix (helicase)
connect nucleotides (DNA polymerase)
check for errors (DNA polymerase)
Original DNA strand serves only as a ………
template
During replication, a …. strand of DNA serves as ….
Single
serves as a template for a new strand
DNA is replicated during….
during the S (synthesis) stage of the cell cycle
DNA Replication is
….. by Enzymes
catalyzed
An enzyme______ ______ ____ ____ by breaking apart the hydrogen bonds that attach the nitrogen bases together
(helicase) unzips the DNA
_____ _____ _____ ___ ___ _____ _____ to the open DNA strands with the help of the enzyme called _____ ______
Free floating nucleotides in the cytoplasm bind
DNA polymerase
DNA Polymerase Adds what?
Complementary Bases
______ _______ ______ of DNA are formed, each with an _____ strand and a _____ formed strand
Two identical molecules
original
newly
FAST: DNA replication starts at _____ _____ in the double helix
many points
ACCURATE: DNA polymerase can ____ ____ ____ ____ _____
find and correct errors
A-T-G-C-A-T-C-C-G-A-A-T-T-C-G-A
Original PARENT strand
T-A-C-G-T-A-G-G-C-T-T-A-A-G-C-T
Complementary NEW strand
A-C-G-C-T-T-T-G-A-A-C-G-C-G-G-T
Complementary NEW strand
T-G-C-G-A-A-A-C-T-T-G-C-G-C-C-A
Original PARENT strand
Three types of asexual cell division
Binary fusion
Mitosis
Meiosis
Why do cells divide
Organism creation
Growth
Repair- replace damaged cells
There are 3 phases in the cell cycle:
Interphase
Mitosis
Cytokinesis
Cell cycle-
the series of events that take place in a cell leading up to and including its division (the life of a cell)
Interphase
period of cell growth in between cell divisions
cell spends most of its life (90%) in interphase
Consists of three smaller phases (G1 S & G2
G1
-period prior to the synthesis of DNA
-the cell increases in size and organelles increase in number in preparation for cell division
critical checkpoint – everything must be in order before DNA synthesis
