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Bio psych Flashcards

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1
Q

What is plasticity?

A

Describes the brains tendancy to change and adapt as a result of learning a new experience.

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2
Q

What is one piece of research conducted into Plasticty?

A

Maguire- studied brains of taxi drivers and found significantly more grey matter within posterior hippocampus - associated with spatial and navigation skills.

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3
Q

Maguire

What variation did research into plasticity show?

A

Showed taxi drivers who had been doing job longer had more prounced structural difference.

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4
Q

What is an evaluation of the maguire study?

A

Supporting evidence from Draganski- who studied medical students before and after exams- found the same region- posterior hippocampus changed.

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5
Q

What is functional recovery?

A

It is a form of plasticity which allows the brain to

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6
Q

Who investigated and what factors affect platisicty?

A

Bezzloa et al (2012)- 40 hours of golf training

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7
Q

What does cognitive reserve mean?

A

Developed by Schneider (2014), people with further education 2/5 - 16+ years achieved full recovery, compared with 12+ years.

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8
Q

Name the process of synaptic transmission

A
  1. Action potential arrives at axon terminal
  2. vesicles merge at the membrane at the presynaptic cell.
  3. Release neurotransmitters across then diffuse across synaptic cleft.
  4. Release neurotransmitters across then diffus synaptic cleft.
  5. Reacting post synaptic cell
  6. Summation happens.
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9
Q

What direction synaptic transmission?

A

uni directional- can only happen one way across the synapse

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10
Q

What are the 4 ways of Investigating the brain?

A

Post mortem
EEG
ERP
FMRI

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11
Q

Negative

What is an evaluation of Post Mortem

A

Brain may be affected after death and can not see a clear correltion between brain and behaviours exhibited

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12
Q

What is FMRI?

A

The use of brain scans which study blood going to certain areas of the brain when brain is being used- to show high activity in the brain

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13
Q

What is EEG

A

The use of a scalp with electrodes attached, used to study beta, gama, theta waves under the scalp to study signals sent around the brain.

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14
Q

What is an ERG

A

Event related potnetials, uses the same method as EEG, sum of the waves/isloate waves to see activity. Process of statistical averaging to remove background noise to isolate stimulus reaction.

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15
Q

What is spatial resolution

A

the identifcation of the exact location of a brain structure/ activity

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16
Q

What is temporal resolution?

A

Temporal resolution refers to the accuracy of the scanner in relation of time: or how quickly the scanner can detect changes in brain activity.

17
Q

What is a limitation of FMRI

A

Poor temporal resolution, dely between nueron activation and shown up on image- can not directly estbalish

18
Q

What is a strength of FMRI

A

Very good spatial resolution, 1mm, help to ifentify patterns within regions of brain. ALSO non invasive

19
Q

What is an advantage of ERP?

A

It allows researchers to identify and isolate/ study certain behaviours/ experiences. Also very good temporal resolution, millisecond time rate.

20
Q

What is a disadvantage of ERP:

A

Very poor spatial resolution- can not directly see relationship.

21
Q

What is an advantage of an EEG?

A

Very high temporal resolution and has been used historically to investigate ultraradiun rhythms

22
Q

What is a disadvantage of EEG?

A

Low spatial resolution so can not pinpoint where certain things happen in the brain.

23
Q

What is localisation of function

A

Idea that different parts of the brain perform different tasks. If damage occurs then the function of that area is also damaged.

24
Q

What case study is used to support both localisation and Holistic theory?

A

Phineas Gage

25
Q

How does phineas gage support?

A

Other parts still works after incident, personality in frontal lobe damaged.

26
Q

How does Phineas Gage support Holistic theory?

A

Brain continues to work together to take over the functions that were destroyed.

27
Q

What is a supporting evidence of localisation?

A

Peterson et al 1988 support for brain scans to demonstrate different places have different functions, Wernickes area active during lisetning task and brocas was during a reading task.

28
Q

What is a disadvantage of localisation

A

Ignores the whole function of the brain, hoslistic- work together.

29
Q

What did lashleys

A

Psychology (4 decks)

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