Bio Practice Comprehensive Examination 3

Question 1

Def of Climate Change

Answer 1

The global change in climate patterns or conditions

Question 2

Def of Mycorrhizae

Answer 2

Fungi mutations with plant underground structures that extend plant roots in exchange for glucose

Question 3

Def of Vector transmission

Answer 3

organism transferred by another organism

Question 4

Which organism above is most closely related to the hookworm?

Answer 4

Guinea worm

Question 5

c) Guinea worms, hookworms, and mosquitoes all shed their external covering to grow. Based on the phylogeny you made, how many times has this growth pattern evolved? (circle one) 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 (1%)

Answer 5

2

Question 6

Def Natural selection

Answer 6

the differences in the reproduction of individuals due to inherited differences in a particular enviorment

Question 7

Consider a population of bacteria that has both antibiotic-resistant and susceptible individuals. In the context of natural selection, briefly explain why the frequency of susceptible individuals would increase when antibiotics stop being used

Answer 7

The population begins to increase until it rapidly increased to the prior size of pesticide use because of the adoptive trade-off. It’s able to reprodice rapidly but with the use of pesticides, it dies.

Question 8

. In a short sentence or phrase, explain why it’s more difficult to develop effective anti-viral drugs than it is to develop antibiotics

Answer 8

The virus is much smaller than bateria and they are eukaryotic making them similar to human cells.

Question 9

Design a study to test the prediction that having Rhizobium in the soil will result in higher plant biomass (weight of plants).
a) What would you vary or compare (independent variable)?

Answer 9

Rhizobium in soil

Question 10

Design a study to test the prediction that having Rhizobium in the soil will result in higher plant biomass (weight of plants).
What would you measure/quantify (dependent variable)?

Answer 10

Plants biomass

Question 11

Design a study to test the prediction that having Rhizobium in the soil will result in higher plant biomass (weight of plants).

In a single, concise sentence, describe the step(s) you would take (before the statistical analysis) to ensure that your experiment is rigorous and your results are accurate and reliable.

Answer 11

I run multiple trails and use a variety of plants and amount of rhizobium present

Question 12

Design a study to test the prediction that having Rhizobium in the soil will result in higher plant biomass (weight of plants).

In a single, concise sentence, describe the step(s) you would take (before the statistical analysis) to ensure that your experiment is rigorous and your results are accurate and reliable.

Answer 12

I run multiple trails and use a variety of plants and the amount of rhizobium present

Question 13

In a single, clearly-stated sentence based on course content, provide a hypothesis based on course content that would lead to the prediction above

Answer 13

Having rhizobium in soil will have a higher biomass due to fixing nutrition in soil causing an increase in nutrients and growth.

Question 14

Briefly indicate the part two parts of this cell most commonly targeted by antibiotics by drawing stars () next to or on the two structures in your drawing above. Then in the space below use two bullet points to briefly explain why each of these is a good antibiotic target

Answer 14

• Penicillin can damage peptidoglycan walls in gram and cells
• Humans have ribosomes 80’s whereas bacteria have ribose 70 and streptomycin can easily inhabit the ribosome 70

Question 15

Which is NOT an assumption of scientific philosophy

Answer 15

Hypothesis can be proven absolute true

Question 16

In the carbonate buffer system, which of the following results from adding more CO2

Answer 16

More H+

Question 17

Which atom is necessary to make proteins, but is NOT necessary to make carbohydrates or lipids?

Answer 17

Nitrogen

Question 18

Members of which of the following kingdoms or domains has a cell wall made of cellulose?

Answer 18

Plantae

Question 19

Based on the course lecture, humans can DIRECTLY interconvert which molecule with pyruvate

Answer 19

glycogen

Question 20

Fungi frequently use glucose molecules to make which energy-storage molecule?

Answer 20

glycogen

Question 21

A population of 200 woodchucks has a rmax of 1.0 per year and a carrying capacity of 2,000.
At what population size would the woodchuck population be growing at the fastest rate?

Answer 21

1000

Question 22

A population of 200 woodchucks has a rmax of 1.0 per year and a carrying capacity of 2,000.

What will the estimated woodchuck population size be in one year? (round if needed

Answer 22

420

Question 23

You predicted that the addition of nitrogen increases plant species richness. To test your prediction, you compared two grasslands and added nitrogen fertilizer to one of the grasslands. Here are your results:
You predicted that the addition of nitrogen increases plant species richness. To test your prediction, you compared two grasslands and added nitrogen fertilizer to one of the grasslands. Here are your results:
Mean richness (m2) in fertilized area = 4.2 Mean richness (m2) in unfertilized area = 11.1 P-value = 0.001
9. Based on your data, your prediction is

Answer 23

rejected

Question 24

You predicted that the addition of nitrogen increases plant species richness. To test your prediction, you compared two grasslands and added nitrogen fertilizer to one of the grasslands. Here are your results:
- Sampling technique

Answer 24

Quadrat

Question 25

Which best describes a bacterium that lives in a person’s colon, uses the food in the colon, and provides the person with needed vitamins?

Answer 25

interspecific mutalism

Question 26

A bacterium obtaining DNA from the environment is undergoing which of the following?

Answer 26

conjugtion

Question 27

Which term best describes the bacterium in the photo (viewed at 1000x)? The arrow is pointing to a single cell.

Answer 27

streptobacillus

Question 28

The organism Plasmodium spp. Causes which of the following diseases?

Answer 28

malaria

Question 29

. Which best describes the population that Wilder & Hammer observed?

Answer 29

Homozygotes were more common than expected and
heterozygotes were less common than expected.

Question 30

Which process is the ultimate source of evolutionary variation?

Answer 30

mutation

Question 31

Plant life cycles include alternating generations. What is produced by the multicellular 2n (diploid) stage by meiosis?

Answer 31

Spores

Question 32

Diagram of zones of inhibition around antibiotic discs on a continuous “lawn” of bacteria growing on medium in a Petri plate.
Figure 2. Zones of inhibition observed in a lawn of the common skin bacterium Staphylococcus epidermidis. Seven common antibiotics (Erythromycin, Neomycin, Penicillin, Novobiocin, Chloramphenicol, Streptomycin, and Tetracycline – left to right) were tested. Error bars indicate 95% confidence intervals.

Which is a reasonable conclusion based on Figures 1 and 2?

Answer 32

Tetracycline inhibits S. epidermidis to the least extent.

Question 33

Under industrial agriculture, we are often said to be “eating oil”. What does that mean?

Answer 33

petroleum is extensively used during crop production

Question 34

Which taxonomic rank is above family and below class?

Answer 34

order

Question 35

What leads to an opportunistic, symptomatic Clostridium difficile infection?

Answer 35

Use of antiviral medication.

Question 36

The embryo is a solid mass of relatively few cells during which stage of animal development?

Answer 36

morula