Bio Practice Comprehensive Examination 3 Flashcards
Def of Climate Change
The global change in climate patterns or conditions
Def of Mycorrhizae
Fungi mutations with plant underground structures that extend plant roots in exchange for glucose
Def of Vector transmission
organism transferred by another organism
Which organism above is most closely related to the hookworm?
Guinea worm
c) Guinea worms, hookworms, and mosquitoes all shed their external covering to grow. Based on the phylogeny you made, how many times has this growth pattern evolved? (circle one) 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 (1%)
2
Def Natural selection
the differences in the reproduction of individuals due to inherited differences in a particular enviorment
Consider a population of bacteria that has both antibiotic-resistant and susceptible individuals. In the context of natural selection, briefly explain why the frequency of susceptible individuals would increase when antibiotics stop being used
The population begins to increase until it rapidly increased to the prior size of pesticide use because of the adoptive trade-off. It’s able to reprodice rapidly but with the use of pesticides, it dies.
. In a short sentence or phrase, explain why it’s more difficult to develop effective anti-viral drugs than it is to develop antibiotics
The virus is much smaller than bateria and they are eukaryotic making them similar to human cells.
Design a study to test the prediction that having Rhizobium in the soil will result in higher plant biomass (weight of plants).
a) What would you vary or compare (independent variable)?
Rhizobium in soil
Design a study to test the prediction that having Rhizobium in the soil will result in higher plant biomass (weight of plants).
What would you measure/quantify (dependent variable)?
Plants biomass
Design a study to test the prediction that having Rhizobium in the soil will result in higher plant biomass (weight of plants).
In a single, concise sentence, describe the step(s) you would take (before the statistical analysis) to ensure that your experiment is rigorous and your results are accurate and reliable.
I run multiple trails and use a variety of plants and amount of rhizobium present
Design a study to test the prediction that having Rhizobium in the soil will result in higher plant biomass (weight of plants).
In a single, concise sentence, describe the step(s) you would take (before the statistical analysis) to ensure that your experiment is rigorous and your results are accurate and reliable.
I run multiple trails and use a variety of plants and the amount of rhizobium present
In a single, clearly-stated sentence based on course content, provide a hypothesis based on course content that would lead to the prediction above
Having rhizobium in soil will have a higher biomass due to fixing nutrition in soil causing an increase in nutrients and growth.
Briefly indicate the part two parts of this cell most commonly targeted by antibiotics by drawing stars () next to or on the two structures in your drawing above. Then in the space below use two bullet points to briefly explain why each of these is a good antibiotic target
- Penicillin can damage peptidoglycan walls in gram and cells
- Humans have ribosomes 80’s whereas bacteria have ribose 70 and streptomycin can easily inhabit the ribosome 70
Which is NOT an assumption of scientific philosophy
Hypothesis can be proven absolute true
In the carbonate buffer system, which of the following results from adding more CO2
More H+
Which atom is necessary to make proteins, but is NOT necessary to make carbohydrates or lipids?
Nitrogen
Members of which of the following kingdoms or domains has a cell wall made of cellulose?
Plantae
Based on the course lecture, humans can DIRECTLY interconvert which molecule with pyruvate
glycogen
Fungi frequently use glucose molecules to make which energy-storage molecule?
glycogen
A population of 200 woodchucks has a rmax of 1.0 per year and a carrying capacity of 2,000.
At what population size would the woodchuck population be growing at the fastest rate?
1000
A population of 200 woodchucks has a rmax of 1.0 per year and a carrying capacity of 2,000.
What will the estimated woodchuck population size be in one year? (round if needed
420
You predicted that the addition of nitrogen increases plant species richness. To test your prediction, you compared two grasslands and added nitrogen fertilizer to one of the grasslands. Here are your results:
You predicted that the addition of nitrogen increases plant species richness. To test your prediction, you compared two grasslands and added nitrogen fertilizer to one of the grasslands. Here are your results:
Mean richness (m2) in fertilized area = 4.2 Mean richness (m2) in unfertilized area = 11.1 P-value = 0.001
9. Based on your data, your prediction is
rejected
You predicted that the addition of nitrogen increases plant species richness. To test your prediction, you compared two grasslands and added nitrogen fertilizer to one of the grasslands. Here are your results:
- Sampling technique
Quadrat
Which best describes a bacterium that lives in a person’s colon, uses the food in the colon, and provides the person with needed vitamins?
interspecific mutalism
A bacterium obtaining DNA from the environment is undergoing which of the following?
conjugtion
Which term best describes the bacterium in the photo (viewed at 1000x)? The arrow is pointing to a single cell.
streptobacillus
The organism Plasmodium spp. Causes which of the following diseases?
malaria
. Which best describes the population that Wilder & Hammer observed?
Homozygotes were more common than expected and
heterozygotes were less common than expected.
Which process is the ultimate source of evolutionary variation?
mutation
Plant life cycles include alternating generations. What is produced by the multicellular 2n (diploid) stage by meiosis?
Spores
Diagram of zones of inhibition around antibiotic discs on a continuous “lawn” of bacteria growing on medium in a Petri plate.
Figure 2. Zones of inhibition observed in a lawn of the common skin bacterium Staphylococcus epidermidis. Seven common antibiotics (Erythromycin, Neomycin, Penicillin, Novobiocin, Chloramphenicol, Streptomycin, and Tetracycline – left to right) were tested. Error bars indicate 95% confidence intervals.
Which is a reasonable conclusion based on Figures 1 and 2?
Tetracycline inhibits S. epidermidis to the least extent.
Under industrial agriculture, we are often said to be “eating oil”. What does that mean?
petroleum is extensively used during crop production
Which taxonomic rank is above family and below class?
order
What leads to an opportunistic, symptomatic Clostridium difficile infection?
Use of antiviral medication.
The embryo is a solid mass of relatively few cells during which stage of animal development?
morula
