Bio practical Flashcards
mitosis
division of nuclear material divided into 4 phase prophase metaphase anaphase telophase
cytokinesis
division of the cytoplasm and its contents
animal: cleavage furrow
plant: plant cell formation
Interphase
G1: period of growth
S: DNA duplicated
G2: growth & check point
enzyme
organic catalyst
activation energy
energy required for reaction to proceed
substrate
reactant (enzyme binds with it)
substrate specific
only reacts with compatible molecules
Enzyme rennin
body temp is optimal
enzyme catalase
ph 7 optimal
cellular respiration
c6h1206 (glucose) + 6o2 > 6 co2 + 6h20 + ATP
glycolisis
glucose > 2 pyruvate
cytoplasm
2ATP
bridge
2 pyruvate > acetyl coA
mitochondrial membrane
kreb cycle
acetyl coA + oxaloacetate > citrate
2ATP
electron transport chain and oxidative phosphoralation (chemiosmosis)
32-34 ATP
cristae
aerobic respiration
with oxygen
anaerobic respiration
no oxygen
fermation
1 glucose > 2 pyruvate
2ATP
elodea
if photosynthesis occurs indicator turns red, if not occurring indicator is yellow
photosynthesis
co2 + h20 > glucose + h20 + o2
cuticle
protects against water loss
upper epidermis
layer of clear cells
palisade mesophyll
packed layer of cells w tons of choloroplast
spongy mesophyll
space trap photosynthetic gases
lower epidermis
pores on underside of leaf
xylem
transports water
phloem
transports nutrients and food
stomata
pores for gas exchange
guard cells
open and close stomata
carotene
most soluble (farthest from start) least abundant orange
chlorophyll B
least soluble (closest to start) dark green
chlorophyll A
most abundant (thickest) bright green
xantophyll
yellow
karyotype
paired by size, centriole location, and staining pattern
nucleic acid:
monomer
polymer
nucleotide
polynucleotide
restriction endonuclease
recognizes specific DNA base sequences and cuts them out; creates different sized fragments of DNA
polymerase chain reaction
increases the amount of DNA
