bio paper 2 short QandA Flashcards
internal conditions that need to be maintained
body temp
water content
blood glucose concentration
homeostasis
maintaining stable internal environment
what changes the shape of the lens by contracting or relaxing?
ciliary muscles
what refracts light onto the retina?
cornea and then the lens
cerebral cortex
control consciousness, intelligence, memory and language
medulla
controls unconscious activities- heartbeat and breathing
cerebellum
concerned with coordiantion of muscular activity
sensory neurone
carries impulse from receptors to CNS
relay neurone
link neurones in CNS
motor neurone
carries impulses from CNS to effetor
nervous system order
stimulus
receptors
coordinator
effector
response
FSH
pituatary gland- makes egg mature
Oestrogen
ovaries-stimulates lining of uterus to grow again
LH
pituitory gland- causes ovulation
Progesterone
ovaries- maintains lining of uterus
Progesterone inhibits or causes FSH production?
inhibits
Progesterone inhibits or causes LH production?
inhibits
Oestrogen inhibits or causes FSH production?
inhibits
close focus
lens is thicker so light is refracted more strongly
distance focus
lens is thinner so light only slightly refracted
if object is near then ciliary muscles…
contract
if object is far then ciliary muscles…
relax
if object is near then suspensory ligaments are…
slack
if object is far then suspensory ligaments are…
tight
near object means…
rounder/ flatter lens
far object means…
stretched/thinner lens
DNA bases pairing
A-T
C-G
vasodilation
body temp too high
vasoconstriction
body temp too low
hypertonic
more sat/less water on outside of cell
isotonic
same salt/water inside and outside cell
hypotonic
lower salt/ more water outside cell
osmoregulation
regulation of water levels
polydactyl
extra fingers/toes
dominant allele
cystic fibrosis
mucus in air passages
recessive allele
genotype
genetic makeup in a nucleus
phenotype
characteristic caused by genotype
homozygous
chromosome pair made of same alleles
heterozygous
pair of chromosomes made of different alleles
species
group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring
central nervous system
brain and spinal chord
peripheral nervous system
connects CNS to rest of body
phototropism
response to light
geotropism
response to gravity
hydrotropism
response to water
posotive tropism
towards stimulus
negative tropsim
away from stimulus
What hormone is responsible for growth in plants?
auxin
hyperopia
long sighted
cant see up close
rays meet behind retina
myopia
short sighted
cant see far away
rays meet in front of retina
type 2 diabetes
body stops responding to insulin
type 1 diabetes
pancreas doesnt make enough insulin
synapse
gap between neurones
effectors
muscles or glands that bring about a response
receptors
cells that detect change in environment
nerve
bundle of neurones
stimuli
changes in environment
coordination centres
areas that receive and process information and coordinate a response
where is the thermoregulatory centre?
hypothaloumus of the brain
neurone pathway
stimulus
receptor
sensory neurone
CNS-relay neurone
motor neurone
effectors
response
if light intensity low then..
pupil dilated
circular muscles relaxed
radial muscles contracted
if light intensity high then
pupil constricted
circular muscles contracted
radial muscles relaxed
iris
has sets of muscles that control the size of the pupil and regulate the light reaching the retina
ciliary muscles ans suspensory ligaments
hold lens in place and allow focusing of the light onto the retina
retina
stimulates light sensitive cells and sends nerve impulses
optic nerve
carries impulses from retina to brain
sclera
stops eyeball being easily damaged
