bio paper 1 quick easy answers Flashcards
photosynthesis limiting factors
light intensity
carbon dioxide
temperature
plant defences against herbivores
poisons
thorns
hairy stems/leaves
drooping/curling
mimicry
environmental factors effecting rate of transpiration
temperature
humidity
air movement (wind)
light intensity
cancer treatments
RADIOTHERAPY- doses of radiation stops mitosis in cancer cells but can also damage healthy cells
CHEMOTHERAPY-chemicals are used to stop cancer cells dividing or make them self destruct. Targets cancer cells as specifically as possible
approx. SA of alveoli in humans.
75m squared
veins
towards heart
low pressure
valves
hman defence systems against disease
skin
nose
stomach
lungs
white blood cells work in 3 main ways…
producing antibodies
producing antitoxins
ingesting microorganisms (phagocytosis)
placebo
not real
double blind trial
patients and doctor don’t know
osmosis
movement of water molecules from an area of high concentration (a dilute) to an an area of low concentration of water across a partially permeable membrane. Does not require energy.
artery
carries blood away from heart
blood under high pressure
thick, elastic walls
capillary
allows substances to pass through blood
walls only one cell thick
surround the organs
new drugs are tested to make sure they are…
effective
safe
stable
succesfully taken in and removed from the body
how are alveoli adapted?
enormous surfface area
moist lining
very thin walls
good blood supply
during excercise you:
feel hotter
have an increased heart rate
breathe faster and deeper
aerobic reperation
glucose + oxygen —-> carbon dioxide + water
C6 H12 6O2——>6CO2 + 6H2O
exothermic reaction
short term effects of alcohol
slow brain messages
drowsy
mood swings
relax, feel good
dizziness/loss of balance
vomiting
make different decisions
poor coordination
long term effects of alcohol
change brain structure
depression
stretching of the heart
high blood pressure
liver damage
poor diet-stomach problems
addiction
frequent infection
memory loss
skin problems
brain damage
damage to reproductive organs
blood is made of…
red blood cells
white blood cells
plasma
platelets
risks for non-communicable disease:
smoking
poor diet
lack excericise
excessive alcohol consumption
exposure to carcinogens
UV light
genes
health
a state of physical or mental well being, at least partially based on individual perception.
pathogens types
bacteria
virus
protist
fungi
what are pathogens?
disease causing microorganisms
amylase breaks down…
starch
lipase breaks down…
lipids
protease breaks down…
protein
white blood cells function
defend against pathogens
WBC adaptions
make antibodies
engulf or digest pathogen
tumour
mass of abnormally dividing cells
benign tumour
unable to spread
malignant tumour
able to spread and invade neighbouring cells
platelets function
help to clot blood and stop bleeding
platelets adaption
small fragments get trapped in protein fibres
what two gases diffuse out of the stomata?
oxygen
water vapour
cancer
an error in the DNA (mutation) causes an irregular cell cylce
plasma function
transport blood cells and other substances around body
plasma adaption
a liquid in which blood cells can float
RBC function
transport oxygen from lungs to all body cells
RBC adaption
no nucleus
biconcave shape
packed with haemoglobin
herd immunity
majority of people are vaccinated so the disease does not spread through the community/population
photosynthesis
light energy into chemical energy
endothermic reaction
carbon dioxide + water—-> glucose + oxygen
6CO2 + 6H2O——-> C6 H12 O6 + 6O2
matabolism
to sum of all the reactions that take place in a cell or body
anaerobic resperation
glucose—->lactic acid
C6 H12 O6 ——>2C3 H6 O3
without oxygen
fermentation
anaerobic resperation in plants
glucose—->ethanol + carbon dioxide
rate of photosynthesis can be limited by…
light intensity
availability of water
availability of carbon dioxide
energy in animals is used for…
warmth
movement
nerve impulses
uses of glucose
Cellulose
Respiration
Oils
Proteins
Storage as starch
energy in plants is used for…
active transport
synthesis
glycogen
carbohydrate store in animals
