Bio paper 2 only (book 2 - 9,10,11,12,13,14)

Question 1

Ecosystem?

Answer 1

A community of different species that are dependent on each other together with the non-living environment of a relatively self-contained area

Question 2

A population is ?

Answer 2

All members of the same species living In a particular area at the same time

Question 3

What is interbreeding?

Answer 3

Where members of the same species reproduce sexually

Question 4

Community?

Answer 4

All the organisms of all populations that live in a particular area at the same time

Question 5

What is an autotrophic species?

Answer 5

Use light/chemical energy to fix carbon

Question 6

What is a heterotrophic species?

Answer 6

Organisms can’t fix carbon and have to take in complex carbon compounds as energy source

Question 7

Name a method of sampling for distribution/abundance?

Answer 7

The Braun-Banquet scale (for recording vegetation in quadrats)

Question 8

Biotic factor?

Answer 8

A factor which influences populations in a community - caused by the activities of a living organism

Question 9

Biotic factors?

Answer 9

Competition, cooperation with organisms of same/other species, predation, disease

Question 10

Interspecific competition?

Answer 10

Competition between different species

Question 11

Intraspecific competition?

Answer 11

(intracellular) - Competition between members of the same species

Question 12

Abiotic factor?

Answer 12

Any physical/chemical non-living factor which influences populations in a community

Question 13

Abiotic factors?

Answer 13

Temperature, wind speed, PH/depth of soil, altitude

Question 14

How to test PH?

Answer 14

Universal indicator or PH probe

Question 15

How to measure flow rate in the ocean?

Answer 15

Time taken to travel set distance to get its speed

Question 16

How to measure O2 conc?

Answer 16

O2 probe

Question 17

How to measure turbidity?

Answer 17

Colorimeter (turbidity is the cloudiness/lack of transparency)

Question 18

How to measure light intensity?

Answer 18

Light meter

Question 19

Edaphic factors?

Answer 19

Any abiotic factors related to the soil

Question 20

Biomass?

Answer 20

The mass of biological material

Question 21

Chemotrophic?

Answer 21

Organisms that gain energy from chemical compounds

Question 22

Photorophic?

Answer 22

Organisms gain energy from light

Question 23

How to measure biomass/change in biomass?

Answer 23

Measure the dry mass of biological material that is produced by autotrophs and consumed by herbivores

Question 24

How to find the biomass produced by plants?

Answer 24

Net primary productivity = gross primary productivity - respiration (in terms of Co2)

Question 25

How to know how much energy has been transferred to the next trophic level?

Answer 25

The energy in herbivores which has been eaten/consumed by predators (will be a fraction of original energy)

Question 26

Why is not all energy efficiently passed up through trophic levels?

Answer 26

Herbivores use energy to move, lose heat during respiration/digestion
Predators don’t eat entire herbivore body/can’t digest it all

Question 27

Efficiency of energy transfer?

Answer 27

Net productivity of secondary consumers/net productivity of primary consumers x 100%