Bio p1: infection and response. Flashcards
What is the definition of pathogens?
Pathogens are microorganisms that cause disease.
True or False: Viruses can reproduce independently.
False
Name one type of pathogen.
Bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites.
Fill in the blank: The immune system is responsible for the body’s __________ against pathogens.
defense
What is the role of white blood cells?
White blood cells help to defend the body against infections.
Which type of white blood cell produces antibodies?
B lymphocytes
What do antibodies do?
Antibodies bind to specific antigens on pathogens to neutralize them.
True or False: Vaccines contain live pathogens.
False
What is herd immunity?
Herd immunity occurs when a large percentage of a population is immune to a disease, reducing its spread.
What is the function of the skin in the immune response?
The skin acts as a physical barrier to prevent pathogens from entering the body.
What is a vaccine?
A vaccine is a substance that stimulates the immune system to develop immunity to a specific disease.
Fill in the blank: __________ are substances produced by bacteria that can kill or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms.
Antibiotics
What is the difference between active immunity and passive immunity?
Active immunity is developed through exposure to pathogens, while passive immunity is acquired through antibodies from another source.
True or False: Antibiotics are effective against viral infections.
False
Name one way that pathogens can be spread.
Through direct contact, airborne transmission, or contaminated food/water.
What is the role of T lymphocytes in the immune response?
T lymphocytes help to destroy infected cells and coordinate the immune response.
Fill in the blank: __________ is a disease caused by the HIV virus.
AIDS
What are antigens?
Antigens are molecules on the surface of pathogens that trigger an immune response.
True or False: Vaccination can lead to herd immunity.
True
What is the primary function of phagocytes?
Phagocytes engulf and digest pathogens.
What is an example of a viral disease?
Influenza or HIV/AIDS.
Fill in the blank: __________ is the process by which the immune system remembers past infections.
Immunological memory
What is the significance of the ‘lock and key’ model in immunology?
It describes how antibodies specifically bind to their corresponding antigens.
True or False: All bacteria are harmful to humans.
False
What is the role of the spleen in the immune system?
The spleen filters the blood and helps to produce and store white blood cells.
What type of pathogen is responsible for malaria?
A parasite (specifically, Plasmodium species).
Fill in the blank: __________ is the term for a disease that can be transmitted from one person to another.
Infectious disease
What is the main purpose of the inflammatory response?
To initiate healing and prevent the spread of infection.
What is the role of memory cells in the immune response?
Memory cells provide long-term immunity by remembering specific pathogens.
True or False: The body can only produce one type of antibody.
False
What is the importance of sanitation in preventing infections?
Sanitation reduces the spread of pathogens by keeping environments clean.
