Bio p1: biogenetics. Flashcards
What is the basic unit of heredity?
Gene
True or False: DNA is made up of amino acids.
False
Fill in the blank: The process of copying DNA to RNA is called __________.
Transcription
What are the four bases of DNA?
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
Which base pairs with Adenine in DNA?
Thymine
Multiple choice: What is the shape of a DNA molecule?
Double helix
What is the function of ribosomes in protein synthesis?
To assemble amino acids into proteins
True or False: RNA contains thymine.
False
Fill in the blank: The three types of RNA are mRNA, tRNA, and __________.
rRNA
What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?
To transport amino acids to the ribosome
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a type of mutation?
Point mutation
What is the term for different forms of a gene?
Alleles
True or False: A genotype refers to the physical expression of a trait.
False
Fill in the blank: The observable characteristics of an organism are referred to as its __________.
Phenotype
What is a homozygous genotype?
A genotype with two identical alleles for a trait
Multiple choice: What is the purpose of a Punnett square?
To predict the genetic makeup of offspring
What does the term ‘dominant allele’ mean?
An allele that expresses its trait even in the presence of a recessive allele
True or False: Recessive alleles are always expressed in the phenotype.
False
Fill in the blank: The study of heredity is known as __________.
Genetics
What is genetic variation?
Differences in DNA sequences among individuals
Multiple choice: Which of the following can cause mutations?
Radiation
What is the purpose of genetic engineering?
To modify the genetic makeup of an organism
True or False: Cloning produces genetically identical organisms.
True
Fill in the blank: The enzyme that unzips DNA during replication is called __________.
Helicase
What is the role of DNA polymerase?
To synthesize new DNA strands during replication
Multiple choice: Which type of RNA carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosome?
mRNA
What is a phenotype ratio?
The ratio of different phenotypes observed in offspring
True or False: Genetic drift can lead to changes in allele frequencies in a population.
True
Fill in the blank: The combination of alleles for a trait in an organism is called its __________.
Genotype
What is the significance of the Human Genome Project?
To map and understand all the genes of the human species
Multiple choice: Which of the following best describes a chromosomal mutation?
A change in the structure or number of chromosomes
What is the term for the physical location of a gene on a chromosome?
Locus
