BIO- MONOMERS AND POLYMERS!

Question 1

All molecules of life contain these organic molecules. What are the organic molecules?

Answer 1

A molecule that contains Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen!

Question 2

What is Respiration (recap to GCSE)

Answer 2

. An exothermic reaction
. happens continually in ALL living CELLS
. 2 types are aerobic and anaerobic

Question 3

What is the word equation for Aerobic respiration/what does it include?

Answer 3

Glucose + Oxygen = Carbon Dioxide + Water
. includes presence of oxygen.
. Releases ALOT of energy as the glucose molecule is FULLY OXIDISED (broken down into ATP and stuff)

Question 4

What is Anaerobic Respiration?

Answer 4

= When no oxygen is present.
BREIF:
. we often require oxygen when muscle cells respire like during exercise.
. Without O2, muscle cells respire ANAEROBICALLY.
. The Glucose is converted into Lactic Acid. No oxygen present.
. ANAEROBIC respiration provides LESS energy as there is INCOMPLETE oxidation.

Question 6

What type of substrate are carbohydrates and what does this provide for the cells?

Answer 6

. A Respiratory substrate (an organic nutrient which is oxidised at the time of respiration) which provides energy for cells.

Question 7

Name one use of carbohydrates in a plant and animal cell.

Answer 7

.used for structure in cell walls of plants
. used in cell membranes in both

Question 8

What type of substrate are Lipids and what can they be used for in cells?

Answer 8

.A respiratory substrate, provides cells with energy
.forms a bilayer in cell membranes
.can make up some hormones

Question 9

What are proteins and what 2 things can they form?

Answer 9

.They are the MAIN component of many CELLULAR structures (eg inside the cell membrane)
. can form enzymes & chemical messengers

Question 10

What 2 polymers do Nucleic Acids form/make?

Answer 10

the POLYMERS RNA and DNA (so these contain nucleic acids)

Question 11

What is a condensation reaction?

Answer 11

The reaction by which 2 monomers are joined together, forming a covalent bond. This process releases a water molecule

Question 11

What do DNA/RNA code for?

Answer 11

Base sequence of amino acids
–> which make up all proteins (amino acids)

Question 12

Amino Acids form=
Fatty Acids form=
Carbohydrates form=
Nucleobases form=

Answer 12

Proteins
phospholipids
glycerol and monosaccharides
nucleotides which form DNA/RNA

Question 12

What bond is created by condensation?

Answer 12

Covalent bond

Question 13

What is a monomer?

Answer 13

the smaller units (from which larger molecules are made)

Question 13

What is Hydrolysis reaction?

Answer 13

The reaction used to break the covalent bond between both the monomers. This reaction requires/needs a water molecule.

Question 14

what is a polymer?

Answer 14

molecules which are made of lots of repeating units (monomers) joined together

Question 15

What are 3 examples of monomers?

Answer 15

Amino acids, monosaccharides and nucleotides!

Question 16

What are the 3 monomers of carbohydrates?

Answer 16

Glucose, fructose and galactose

Question 17

Monomers of proteins?

Answer 17

Amino Acids

Question 18

Monomers of Nucleic Acids?

Answer 18

Nucleotides

Question 19

Through which bond are the monomers of carbohydrates (glucose, fructose and galactose) joined together?

Answer 19

Glycosidic bonds

Question 20

Through which bonds are amino acids joined together to form proteins?

Answer 20

Peptide bonds.

Question 21

Through which bond are nucleotides joined together to form nucleic acids?

Answer 21

Phosphodiester bond!

Question 22

What is the name of the polymers made in Carbohydrates, Proteins and Nucleic acids?

Answer 22

Polysaccharides
Polypeptides
polynucleotides

Question 23

3 examples of carbohydrates

Answer 23

.Starch
. glycogen (comes from a carb but isn’t one itself. Also is an energy store of the monomer, glucose) .
.cellulose

Question 24

4 protein examples=

Answer 24

enzymes
antibodies
channel proteins
haemoglobins

Question 25

2 Nucleic acid examples=

Answer 25

DNA and RNA

Question 26

What 2 groups are joined to the monomers that have been split up during the Hydrolysis reaction?

Answer 26

One OH group to one monomer
One H group to the other monomer