bio molecules Flashcards

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1
Q

chemicals found in or produced by living organisms

A

bio molecules

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2
Q

these are any chemical compound that has carbon in it
these include carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids

A

organic molecules

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3
Q

building blocks that make up polymers

A

monomers

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4
Q

why aren’t lipids considered polymers?

A

because lipids are connected from another molecule, unlike polymers that are connected by repeated bonds

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5
Q

carbohydrates, protein, and nucleic acid are examples of this

A

Macromolecules

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6
Q

dehydration removes a water molecule, forming a new bond or making a longer bond

A

dehydration synthesis reaction

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7
Q

adds water to break a bond

A

hydrolysis

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8
Q

total of 4 covalent bonds, made entirely with carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, 18% of total body weight

A

carbohydrates

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9
Q

monomers of carbohydrates

A

monosaccharides

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10
Q

CH2O in carbohydrates

A

for every carbon there is 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen
1:2:1

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11
Q

carbonyl group at the end of the carbon skeleton

A

aldose

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12
Q

carbonyl group within the carbon skeleton. this is considered as isomers

A

ketose

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13
Q

the process by which organisms use oxygen to break down food molecules to get chemical energy for cell functions

A

cellular respiration

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14
Q

2 monosaccharides joined by glycosidic linkage. covalent bonds that link 2 or more sugars

A

disaccharides

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15
Q

glucose + fructose (table sugar)

A

Sucrose

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16
Q

water removed from 2 glucose
1,2 glycosidic bond: first carbon bonded with the second carbon

A

synthesis of sucrose

17
Q

glucose + glucose

A

maltose

18
Q

water is removed from 2 glucose
1,4 glycosidic bond: 1st carbon is bonded with 4th carbon

A

synthesis of maltose

19
Q

many sugars, complex carbohydrates bigger molecules of carbohydrates

A

poly saccharides

20
Q

glucose + galactose

A

Lactose

21
Q

function of starch

A

energy storage

22
Q

this is within the cellular structure known as plastids

A

starch

23
Q

simplest form of starch: an unbranched polymer of glucose

A

amylose

24
Q

systematic and cellular energy source

A

function of glycogen

25
Q

made up of glucose joined by 1,4 bond

A

synthesis of glycogen

26
Q

what happens when there is too much glucose in glycogen?

A

glycogen will be stored in the liver, muscle cells, and fat cells. this is the reason for weight gain

27
Q

structural support of plants

A

function of cellulose `

28
Q
  • most abundant organic compound on earth.
  • aids on digestion
  • found most often in vegetables and can not be broken down by the human body
A

fiber

29
Q

found in the exoskeleton
these are arthropods

A

chitin