bio molecules Flashcards
chemicals found in or produced by living organisms
bio molecules
these are any chemical compound that has carbon in it
these include carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids
organic molecules
building blocks that make up polymers
monomers
why aren’t lipids considered polymers?
because lipids are connected from another molecule, unlike polymers that are connected by repeated bonds
carbohydrates, protein, and nucleic acid are examples of this
Macromolecules
dehydration removes a water molecule, forming a new bond or making a longer bond
dehydration synthesis reaction
adds water to break a bond
hydrolysis
total of 4 covalent bonds, made entirely with carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, 18% of total body weight
carbohydrates
monomers of carbohydrates
monosaccharides
CH2O in carbohydrates
for every carbon there is 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen
1:2:1
carbonyl group at the end of the carbon skeleton
aldose
carbonyl group within the carbon skeleton. this is considered as isomers
ketose
the process by which organisms use oxygen to break down food molecules to get chemical energy for cell functions
cellular respiration
2 monosaccharides joined by glycosidic linkage. covalent bonds that link 2 or more sugars
disaccharides
glucose + fructose (table sugar)
Sucrose
water removed from 2 glucose
1,2 glycosidic bond: first carbon bonded with the second carbon
synthesis of sucrose
glucose + glucose
maltose
water is removed from 2 glucose
1,4 glycosidic bond: 1st carbon is bonded with 4th carbon
synthesis of maltose
many sugars, complex carbohydrates bigger molecules of carbohydrates
poly saccharides
glucose + galactose
Lactose
function of starch
energy storage
this is within the cellular structure known as plastids
starch
simplest form of starch: an unbranched polymer of glucose
amylose
systematic and cellular energy source
function of glycogen
made up of glucose joined by 1,4 bond
synthesis of glycogen
what happens when there is too much glucose in glycogen?
glycogen will be stored in the liver, muscle cells, and fat cells. this is the reason for weight gain
structural support of plants
function of cellulose `
- most abundant organic compound on earth.
- aids on digestion
- found most often in vegetables and can not be broken down by the human body
fiber
found in the exoskeleton
these are arthropods
chitin
