Bio Mod 2 Chemical Basis of Life

Question 1

Atom

Answer 1

Smallest identifiable amount of an element

Question 2

Elements

Answer 2

Substance consisting of one type of atom with a specific number of protons

Question 3

Atomic Number

Answer 3

Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom that gives the element its identity

Question 4

Mass number

Answer 4

Total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

Question 5

Dalton

Answer 5

Unit of mass approx equal to the mass of of one proton or neutron

Question 6

Isotopes

Answer 6

Differ in the number of neutrons contained in the nuclei

Question 7

Atomic weight

Answer 7

Average mass of an element

Question 8

Radioactive isotope

Answer 8

Has an unstable nucleus that will release radiation as it decays to a more stable form

Question 9

Orbitals

Answer 9

Region of space around an atomic nucleus in which an electron is present most of the time

Question 10

Electron shells

Answer 10

Group of orbitals with similar energies

Question 11

Valence shell

Answer 11

Outermost electron shell

Question 12

Valence electrons

Answer 12

Electron in the outermost shell

Question 13

Valence

Answer 13

Number of unpaired electrons in the outermost shell

Question 14

Chemical bonds

Answer 14

Attractive force bringing two atoms together; ex covalent, ionic, hydrogen

Question 15

Covalent bond

Answer 15

Two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons

Question 16

Compounds

Answer 16

Any substance that consists of more than one different type of element chemically bonded together

Question 17

Electronegativity

Answer 17

Measure of how strongly an atom pulls shared electrons toward itself

Question 18

Nonpolar covalent bond

Answer 18

Electrons are shared equally

Question 19

Polar covalent bond

Answer 19

Electrons shared unequally

Question 20

Ionic bonds

Answer 20

An electron is completely transferred from one atom to another

Question 21

Ion

Answer 21

Lost or gained electrons

Question 22

Cation

Answer 22

Positively charged ion

Question 23

Anion

Answer 23

Negatively charged ion

Question 24

Solvent

Answer 24

Agent for dissolving

Question 25

Solution

Answer 25

Liquid containing dissolved matter

Question 26

Solutes

Answer 26

Substance dissolved in a liquid

Question 27

Polar

Answer 27

Carrying a partial positive charge on one side of a molecule and a partial negative on the other; hydrophilic

Question 28

Hydrogen bond

Answer 28

Weak interaction between two or more molecules resulting in the attraction between a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge and another atom with a partial negative charge

Question 29

Hydrophilic

Answer 29

Water loving

Question 30

Hydrophobic

Answer 30

Water fearing

Question 31

Hydrophobic interactions

Answer 31

Weak interaction between non polar molecules when exposed to aqueous solvent