BIO — Metabolism Flashcards
ch 7
Where does glycolysis happen?
cytosol
Where is pyruvate converted to acetyl-CoA?
Mitochondrial matrix
Where does citric acid cycle occur?
Mitochondrial matrix
Why do we need oxoloacetate from citric acid cycle?
It is a precursor of glucose and amino acids
what are the two starting materials for citric acid cycle?
oxoloacetate & acetyl-CoA
Where does electron transport chain occur?
on mitochondrial matrix
What kind of reactions occur as electrons are transferred from one electron carrier to another in ETC?
Sequential redox reactions
Cytochromes
Electron carriers that resemble hemoglobin in the structure of their active site
most of the electron carriers are these in the ETC
When does oxidation happen in ETC?
When the electron is passed on to the next carrier
When does reduction happen in ETC?
When carrier accepts an electron
what is the final electron acceptor in ETC?
oxygen
Which two reactions are coupled for ETC?
Oxidation of NADH and FADH2
Phosphorylation of ADP
What is the coupling agent for coupling these reactions?
it is the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial matrix
What does the continuous translocation of protons do to the intermembrane space?
It creates a positively charged, acidic environment in the intermembrane space
how are protons pumped into the matrix?
When NADH & FADH2 passed their electrons to ETC, they inter the matrix through the prot complexes
how are protons pumped into the matrix?
into the intermembrane space
They enter intermembrane space from ATP synthase
What are the alternate energy sources in their order of preference
carbs, fats, prots
where is glycogen stored?
liver
where are fats stored?
adipose tissue
in what form is fats stored in tissues?
Triglycerides
Which macromolecule yields the highest number of ATP?
Fats
what is beta oxidation and what where does it happen?
converts fatty acids ➡️ acetyl-CoA
inside mitochondria
what happens after beta oxidation?
acetyl-CoA enters citric acid cycle
Why is ammonia removed from amino acids?
Because it is toxic in higher amounts
Which animal excretes ammonia in its original form?
fish
in what form humans at create ammonia?
uric acid
Transamination reaction
When amino acids lose amine group to form alpha-keto acid
Deamination reaction
Removal of amine group from amino acid
Amino acids can turn into what intermediates to enter citric acid cycle?
acetyl-CoA
