Bio Lecture Slides Series 1-1 Flashcards
Living things are very complex, therefore it is not enough to define them, they must be _____.
described
Living things are _____.
organized.
The basic unit of organization is the _____.
cell
All cells are either _____ or _____.
prokaryotic / eukaryotic
Prokaryotic means _____.
not having an organized nucleus nor any membrane-bound organelles
Eukaryotic means _____.
having a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria or chloroplast
Organisms may be _____ or _____.
unicellular or multicellular
Unicellular means _____.
atoms form molecules and large organic molecules form organelles that in turn makeup cells.
Multicellular means the organism has these three characteristics _____, _____, and _____.
Tissues, Organs, and Organ systems
The definition of tissues is _____.
group of similar cells working together to perform a function
The definition of organs is _____.
collections of tissues that work together
The definition of organ systems is _____.
groups of organs that work together to accomplish various important functions
An organelle is _____.
A structure within a cell that
performs a specific function
Mitochondria are organelles. True or false?
True
Chloroplasts are organelles. True or false?
True
The nucleus is an organelle . True or false?
True, and the nucleus is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells.
Molecules are combinations of _____.
atoms
Water, glucose, and DNA are examples of things that all have _____.
molecules
An _____ is the smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element.
atom
Hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen are all examples of things that have _____.
atoms
Particles that make up an atom are called _____.
subatomic particles
Three examples of subatomic particles are ______, _____, and _____.
protons, neutrons, and electrons
Name 7 the levels of biological organization from simple to complex.
small molecules, large molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and complex organisms
Living things must acquire 2 things to survive, _____ and _____.
energy and materials
Life cannot be maintained without a constant supply of _____.
energy (E)
Energy for an organism comes in the form of _____.
food
The sum total of all the chemical reactions of all the organism’s cells is known as _____.
metabolism
The ultimate source of energy for all life is the _____.
sun
_____ make their own food and include photosynthetic and chemosynthetic organisms
autotrophs
True or false, autotrophs provide the basis for all food chains in all ecosystems.
True
_____ consume other organisms for food.
heterotrophs
Living things _____. They find energy and/or nutrients by interacting with their environment.
size or number of cells
True or false, living things exist within a wide range of conditions.
False. Living things exist within a NARROW range of conditions.
___ is how an organism maintains a constant steady state or how the body maintains a constant internal environment.
homeostasis
An example of homeostasis is _____.
Body temperature and blood pH
All living things _____ themselves.
reproduce
Two types of reproduction are _____ and _____.
cellular division and sexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction involves the union of _____.
sex cells or gametes
What does DNA stand for?
deoxyribonucleic acid
Genes are _____ of DNA molecules that code for the proteins and hence, the traits of organisms.
portions
Living things have the ability to _____ to their environment.
adapt
_____ are modifications that enable living things to survive.
adaptations
Populations _____ or change over time in response to their environment.
evolve
Also called survival of the fittest, _____ is when organisms survive and increase the likelihood they will reproduce, thereby adding their survivor genes to that population.
natural selection
_____ occurs by natural selection, which is the most important mechanism of evolution.
evolution
These two scientists independently came to the conclusion that evolution occurs by natural selection.
Alfred Russell Wallace and Charles Darwin
Evolution is the descent of organisms from a _____ _____.
common ancestor
True or false: Groups of interbreeding species–a population–change over time in response to environmental pressures (natural selection) or mutations is essentially the process of evolution.
True
The number of species found in a given ecosystem is _____.
biodiversity
One of a kind organisms and the smallest category of the classification system is _____ .
species
A group of interbreeding species is called _____.
population
All the various interacting species of a given locale is called ____.
community
Interacting communities along with their non-living surroundings comprises an _____.
ecosystem
All the ecosystems of the earth is known as the _____.
biosphere
Ecosystems are characterized by _____ and _____.
chemical cycling and energy flow
The process by which chemicals move through food chain is _____ _____.
chemical cycling
_____ _____ moves from sun to plants to members of the food chain.
energy flow
Energy cycles in the ecosystems, true or false?
False. Ecosystems could not stay in existence without solar energy or photosynthesizers.
_____ are the heterotrophs in the ecosystem.
consumers
_____ recycle materials of dead producers and consumers.
decomposers
Energy moves only ___ way through the ecosystem.
one
True or false, producers are photosynthetic or chemosynthetic organisms.
True
The newest branch of the science of classification is called _____.
systematics
Systematics is _____.
the grouping of organisms according to a common ancestor.
The classification system dates back to this individual: _____.
Aristotle
Carolus Linneaus is credited with being the _____.
Founder of modern classification system
Today’s classification system places organisms into one of three _____.
domains
Groups based on the evolutionary history of an organism are called _____.
phylogeny
The phylogenic tree is composed of three main domains: _____, _____, and _____.
bacteria, archaea, and eukarya
Animals, fungi, plants, and protists are eukarya, true or false?
true
The domain archaea in the phylogenic tree includes prokaryotes. True or false?
True. Prokaryotes may be representative of the first cells on Earth.
Eukaryotes, unicellular or multicellular, membrane-bound nucleus are part of which phylogenic tree domain?
Eukarya
Name the four kingdoms.
Four kingdoms: Plant, Animal, Fungi and Protist (protists are any eukaryote that isn’t a plant, animal or fungi)
In the scientific method, all science begins with _____ _____.
human observation
Science is infallible. True or false?
False. It’s only as good as the people who conduct it.
The scientific method is a process that was developed over _____.
time
_____ is a tool to gather facts in the form of numerical values which are then analyzed looking for trends and patterns that would allow us to make accurate predictions.
science
In the scientific method, someone makes an _____ that prompts a _____.
observation, question
In the scientific method, attempting to answer a question based on an educated guess in advance of research is a _____.
hypothesis
A _____ _____ is when someone attempts to find out if anyone has answered the question before.
literature review
The _____ dictates which type of research will be needed.
hypothesis
Most experiments involve a controlled situation where only _____ experimental factor is varied.
one
The _____ may or may not be supported and may be changed or modified appropriately.
hypothesis
Scientists write up their work, publish it, and submit it for _____ _____.
peer review
Interested peers may repeat your work or various new ideas about the same work. True or false?
True. If repeated enough over time a line of research may become a theory.
Finally, given accurate predictions repeated over time; peer acceptance etc., theory becomes a _____ _____.
scientific law
