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Intro to Bio > Bio Lecture Slides Series 1-1 > Flashcards

Bio Lecture Slides Series 1-1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Living things are very complex, therefore it is not enough to define them, they must be _____.

A

described

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2
Q

Living things are _____.

A

organized.

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3
Q

The basic unit of organization is the _____.

A

cell

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4
Q

All cells are either _____ or _____.

A

prokaryotic / eukaryotic

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5
Q

Prokaryotic means _____.

A

not having an organized nucleus nor any membrane-bound organelles

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6
Q

Eukaryotic means _____.

A

having a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria or chloroplast

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7
Q

Organisms may be _____ or _____.

A

unicellular or multicellular

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8
Q

Unicellular means _____.

A

atoms form molecules and large organic molecules form organelles that in turn makeup cells.

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9
Q

Multicellular means the organism has these three characteristics _____, _____, and _____.

A

Tissues, Organs, and Organ systems

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10
Q

The definition of tissues is _____.

A

group of similar cells working together to perform a function

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11
Q

The definition of organs is _____.

A

collections of tissues that work together

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12
Q

The definition of organ systems is _____.

A

groups of organs that work together to accomplish various important functions

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13
Q

An organelle is _____.

A

A structure within a cell that

performs a specific function

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14
Q

Mitochondria are organelles. True or false?

A

True

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15
Q

Chloroplasts are organelles. True or false?

A

True

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16
Q

The nucleus is an organelle . True or false?

A

True, and the nucleus is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells.

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17
Q

Molecules are combinations of _____.

A

atoms

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18
Q

Water, glucose, and DNA are examples of things that all have _____.

A

molecules

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19
Q

An _____ is the smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element.

A

atom

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20
Q

Hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen are all examples of things that have _____.

A

atoms

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21
Q

Particles that make up an atom are called _____.

A

subatomic particles

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22
Q

Three examples of subatomic particles are ______, _____, and _____.

A

protons, neutrons, and electrons

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23
Q

Name 7 the levels of biological organization from simple to complex.

A

small molecules, large molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and complex organisms

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24
Q

Living things must acquire 2 things to survive, _____ and _____.

A

energy and materials

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25
Q

Life cannot be maintained without a constant supply of _____.

A

energy (E)

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26
Q

Energy for an organism comes in the form of _____.

A

food

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27
Q

The sum total of all the chemical reactions of all the organism’s cells is known as _____.

A

metabolism

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28
Q

The ultimate source of energy for all life is the _____.

A

sun

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29
Q

_____ make their own food and include photosynthetic and chemosynthetic organisms

A

autotrophs

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30
Q

True or false, autotrophs provide the basis for all food chains in all ecosystems.

A

True

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31
Q

_____ consume other organisms for food.

A

heterotrophs

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32
Q

Living things _____. They find energy and/or nutrients by interacting with their environment.

A

size or number of cells

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33
Q

True or false, living things exist within a wide range of conditions.

A

False. Living things exist within a NARROW range of conditions.

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34
Q

___ is how an organism maintains a constant steady state or how the body maintains a constant internal environment.

A

homeostasis

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35
Q

An example of homeostasis is _____.

A

Body temperature and blood pH

36
Q

All living things _____ themselves.

A

reproduce

37
Q

Two types of reproduction are _____ and _____.

A

cellular division and sexual reproduction

38
Q

Sexual reproduction involves the union of _____.

A

sex cells or gametes

39
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

40
Q

Genes are _____ of DNA molecules that code for the proteins and hence, the traits of organisms.

A

portions

41
Q

Living things have the ability to _____ to their environment.

A

adapt

42
Q

_____ are modifications that enable living things to survive.

A

adaptations

43
Q

Populations _____ or change over time in response to their environment.

A

evolve

44
Q

Also called survival of the fittest, _____ is when organisms survive and increase the likelihood they will reproduce, thereby adding their survivor genes to that population.

A

natural selection

45
Q

_____ occurs by natural selection, which is the most important mechanism of evolution.

A

evolution

46
Q

These two scientists independently came to the conclusion that evolution occurs by natural selection.

A

Alfred Russell Wallace and Charles Darwin

47
Q

Evolution is the descent of organisms from a _____ _____.

A

common ancestor

48
Q

True or false: Groups of interbreeding species–a population–change over time in response to environmental pressures (natural selection) or mutations is essentially the process of evolution.

A

True

49
Q

The number of species found in a given ecosystem is _____.

A

biodiversity

50
Q

One of a kind organisms and the smallest category of the classification system is _____ .

A

species

51
Q

A group of interbreeding species is called _____.

A

population

52
Q

All the various interacting species of a given locale is called ____.

A

community

53
Q

Interacting communities along with their non-living surroundings comprises an _____.

A

ecosystem

54
Q

All the ecosystems of the earth is known as the _____.

A

biosphere

55
Q

Ecosystems are characterized by _____ and _____.

A

chemical cycling and energy flow

56
Q

The process by which chemicals move through food chain is _____ _____.

A

chemical cycling

57
Q

_____ _____ moves from sun to plants to members of the food chain.

A

energy flow

58
Q

Energy cycles in the ecosystems, true or false?

A

False. Ecosystems could not stay in existence without solar energy or photosynthesizers.

59
Q

_____ are the heterotrophs in the ecosystem.

A

consumers

60
Q

_____ recycle materials of dead producers and consumers.

A

decomposers

61
Q

Energy moves only ___ way through the ecosystem.

A

one

62
Q

True or false, producers are photosynthetic or chemosynthetic organisms.

A

True

63
Q

The newest branch of the science of classification is called _____.

A

systematics

64
Q

Systematics is _____.

A

the grouping of organisms according to a common ancestor.

65
Q

The classification system dates back to this individual: _____.

A

Aristotle

66
Q

Carolus Linneaus is credited with being the _____.

A

Founder of modern classification system

67
Q

Today’s classification system places organisms into one of three _____.

A

domains

68
Q

Groups based on the evolutionary history of an organism are called _____.

A

phylogeny

69
Q

The phylogenic tree is composed of three main domains: _____, _____, and _____.

A

bacteria, archaea, and eukarya

70
Q

Animals, fungi, plants, and protists are eukarya, true or false?

A

true

71
Q

The domain archaea in the phylogenic tree includes prokaryotes. True or false?

A

True. Prokaryotes may be representative of the first cells on Earth.

72
Q

Eukaryotes, unicellular or multicellular, membrane-bound nucleus are part of which phylogenic tree domain?

A

Eukarya

73
Q

Name the four kingdoms.

A

Four kingdoms: Plant, Animal, Fungi and Protist (protists are any eukaryote that isn’t a plant, animal or fungi)

74
Q

In the scientific method, all science begins with _____ _____.

A

human observation

75
Q

Science is infallible. True or false?

A

False. It’s only as good as the people who conduct it.

76
Q

The scientific method is a process that was developed over _____.

A

time

77
Q

_____ is a tool to gather facts in the form of numerical values which are then analyzed looking for trends and patterns that would allow us to make accurate predictions.

A

science

78
Q

In the scientific method, someone makes an _____ that prompts a _____.

A

observation, question

79
Q

In the scientific method, attempting to answer a question based on an educated guess in advance of research is a _____.

A

hypothesis

80
Q

A _____ _____ is when someone attempts to find out if anyone has answered the question before.

A

literature review

81
Q

The _____ dictates which type of research will be needed.

A

hypothesis

82
Q

Most experiments involve a controlled situation where only _____ experimental factor is varied.

A

one

83
Q

The _____ may or may not be supported and may be changed or modified appropriately.

A

hypothesis

84
Q

Scientists write up their work, publish it, and submit it for _____ _____.

A

peer review

85
Q

Interested peers may repeat your work or various new ideas about the same work. True or false?

A

True. If repeated enough over time a line of research may become a theory.

86
Q

Finally, given accurate predictions repeated over time; peer acceptance etc., theory becomes a _____ _____.

A

scientific law

Intro to Bio (6 decks)

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