Bio Lab Flashcards
Explain each step in determining the presence of starch. Individual controls, results, and examples used in class
To determine the presence of starch in something, we first need to know what positive and negative starch solutions look like. We placed the iodine solution into water and a starch solution, and these two solutions served as our controls for the procedure. We then tested various kinds of foods to see if they contained starch. For the results of each food item, we would use either positive + or negative - signs to signify the presence of starch within the food item.
4 differences between meiosis and mitosis in table format
Mitosis
- produces 2 cells
- undergoes 1 cell division
- asexual reproduction
- identical genetic make-up to parents
Meiosis
- produces 4 cells
- undergoes 2 cell divisions
- sexual reproduction
- genetically different than parents
How do plants get energy? Write the equation and a detailed explanation
6 CO2 + 12 H2O = C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H20
reactants = products
Plants get energy through photosynthesis. Chlorophyll captures the energy from light, and the energy undergoes a series of chemical reactions in order to create glucose and other products. Glucose is then stored as “food” or “energy” for the plant.
Know the major events at each stage of the cell cycle, G1, S, G2, P, M, A, T
G1 - the cell grows; often doubles in size
S - genetic material is replicated
G2 - cell prepares for the M phase of the cycle
P - chromosomes condense and the nucleolus disappears
M - chromosomes align in the middle of the cell
A - sister chromatids move toward opposite poles
T - the chromosomes move further towards the pole almost completing the cycle
Explain natural selection and how we showed it in lab
Natural selection is a process that increases favorable traits and decreases unfavorable traits within a population. This is done through competition. If an unfavorable trait is present within an organism, that organism is more likely to die within the environment because other organisms have more desirable traits presented in order to survive.
In class, we demonstrated natural selection by dumping different colored paper dots (bugs) into an environment. Then, with the mentality of a bird, we picked up the dots (bugs) that were most noticeable in the environment. To simulate reproduction, we then multiplied the remaining number of each color of bug by 3. We completed 3 trials in order to simulate a natural selection competition between bugs.
Choose 1 birth control category. How does it prevent pregnancy? Advantages? Disadvantages? Examples?
Surgical birth control methods are one of the most effective methods. Tubal Litigation and Vasectomies are a couple of examples of surgical birth control methods. Tubal Litigation prevents an egg from traveling through the oviduct, which prevents sperm from being able to reach the egg. Vasectomies prevent sperm from leaving the testes and being released. An advantage is that they are both 99% effective and can be trusted methods; you are also not required to remember to take a pill or have to schedule an appointment to get another shot. Another advantage is that vasectomies can be reversed and are not final. A big disadvantage is that surgical birth control methods are extremely expensive, but Tubal Litigation is far more expensive than a Vasectomy.
Photosynthesis Equation
6 CO2 + 12 H2O = C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H20
Cellular Respiration Equation
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 = 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP
Prophase looks like
a big ball of stuff
Metaphase looks like
Chromosomes lined in the middle
Anaphase looks like
Chromosomes running away
Telophase looks like
Chromosomes reaching their destination
Meiosis produces how many cells
4
Mitosis produces how many cells
2
What is the difference between dominant and recessive
Dominant = big letter, and exposed
recessive = little letter, and only exposed when paired with another little letter
Always use which letter for a punnet square?
the first letter of the dominant parent
How many different magnifications does the microscope
3 (4X, 10X, 40X)
What is osmosis
Diffusion but with water
What is diffusion
The net movement of molecules from an area of their higher concentration to an area of their lower concentration
Brownian Movement
Kinetic energy causes constant motion and the molecule moves in a straight line until it bumps into another molecule
Cellular respiration
Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen
Plant cells
Square, have cell wall
Animal cells
Have a cell membrane, not a cell wall so that they can move
Prokaryote
One cell
Eukaryote
Multiple cells
Why do we need positive and negative controls for testing starch?
To know that whether or not the solution is positive or negative
Neutral pH
7
0-6 on pH scale
acid
8-14 on pH scale
Base
What does a buffer do
resists change in pH
Should we always use safety equipment when in the lab
Yes
Scientific method
Question, Hypothesis, Experiment, Data analysis, Conclusion
What is the most commonly used measurement for science?
Metric system
