Bio Lab Flashcards

1
Q

Explain each step in determining the presence of starch. Individual controls, results, and examples used in class

A

To determine the presence of starch in something, we first need to know what positive and negative starch solutions look like. We placed the iodine solution into water and a starch solution, and these two solutions served as our controls for the procedure. We then tested various kinds of foods to see if they contained starch. For the results of each food item, we would use either positive + or negative - signs to signify the presence of starch within the food item.

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2
Q

4 differences between meiosis and mitosis in table format

A

Mitosis
- produces 2 cells
- undergoes 1 cell division
- asexual reproduction
- identical genetic make-up to parents

Meiosis
- produces 4 cells
- undergoes 2 cell divisions
- sexual reproduction
- genetically different than parents

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3
Q

How do plants get energy? Write the equation and a detailed explanation

A

6 CO2 + 12 H2O = C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H20
reactants = products
Plants get energy through photosynthesis. Chlorophyll captures the energy from light, and the energy undergoes a series of chemical reactions in order to create glucose and other products. Glucose is then stored as “food” or “energy” for the plant.

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4
Q

Know the major events at each stage of the cell cycle, G1, S, G2, P, M, A, T

A

G1 - the cell grows; often doubles in size
S - genetic material is replicated
G2 - cell prepares for the M phase of the cycle
P - chromosomes condense and the nucleolus disappears
M - chromosomes align in the middle of the cell
A - sister chromatids move toward opposite poles
T - the chromosomes move further towards the pole almost completing the cycle

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5
Q

Explain natural selection and how we showed it in lab

A

Natural selection is a process that increases favorable traits and decreases unfavorable traits within a population. This is done through competition. If an unfavorable trait is present within an organism, that organism is more likely to die within the environment because other organisms have more desirable traits presented in order to survive.

In class, we demonstrated natural selection by dumping different colored paper dots (bugs) into an environment. Then, with the mentality of a bird, we picked up the dots (bugs) that were most noticeable in the environment. To simulate reproduction, we then multiplied the remaining number of each color of bug by 3. We completed 3 trials in order to simulate a natural selection competition between bugs.

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6
Q

Choose 1 birth control category. How does it prevent pregnancy? Advantages? Disadvantages? Examples?

A

Surgical birth control methods are one of the most effective methods. Tubal Litigation and Vasectomies are a couple of examples of surgical birth control methods. Tubal Litigation prevents an egg from traveling through the oviduct, which prevents sperm from being able to reach the egg. Vasectomies prevent sperm from leaving the testes and being released. An advantage is that they are both 99% effective and can be trusted methods; you are also not required to remember to take a pill or have to schedule an appointment to get another shot. Another advantage is that vasectomies can be reversed and are not final. A big disadvantage is that surgical birth control methods are extremely expensive, but Tubal Litigation is far more expensive than a Vasectomy.

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7
Q

Photosynthesis Equation

A

6 CO2 + 12 H2O = C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H20

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8
Q

Cellular Respiration Equation

A

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 = 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP

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9
Q

Prophase looks like

A

a big ball of stuff

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10
Q

Metaphase looks like

A

Chromosomes lined in the middle

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11
Q

Anaphase looks like

A

Chromosomes running away

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12
Q

Telophase looks like

A

Chromosomes reaching their destination

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13
Q

Meiosis produces how many cells

A

4

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14
Q

Mitosis produces how many cells

A

2

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15
Q

What is the difference between dominant and recessive

A

Dominant = big letter, and exposed
recessive = little letter, and only exposed when paired with another little letter

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16
Q

Always use which letter for a punnet square?

A

the first letter of the dominant parent

17
Q

How many different magnifications does the microscope

A

3 (4X, 10X, 40X)

18
Q

What is osmosis

A

Diffusion but with water

19
Q

What is diffusion

A

The net movement of molecules from an area of their higher concentration to an area of their lower concentration

20
Q

Brownian Movement

A

Kinetic energy causes constant motion and the molecule moves in a straight line until it bumps into another molecule

21
Q

Cellular respiration

A

Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen

22
Q

Plant cells

A

Square, have cell wall

23
Q

Animal cells

A

Have a cell membrane, not a cell wall so that they can move

24
Q

Prokaryote

A

One cell

25
Q

Eukaryote

A

Multiple cells

26
Q

Why do we need positive and negative controls for testing starch?

A

To know that whether or not the solution is positive or negative

27
Q

Neutral pH

A

7

28
Q

0-6 on pH scale

A

acid

29
Q

8-14 on pH scale

A

Base

30
Q

What does a buffer do

A

resists change in pH

31
Q

Should we always use safety equipment when in the lab

A

Yes

32
Q

Scientific method

A

Question, Hypothesis, Experiment, Data analysis, Conclusion

33
Q

What is the most commonly used measurement for science?

A

Metric system