bio: immune system

Question 1

Epithelial membranes

Answer 1

produce protective chemicals (antimicrobials) that destroy microorganisms Ex. skin acidity, sebum/ear wax, saliva and tears

Question 2

cellular and chemical devices

Answer 2

phagocytes, antimicrobials, NK, inflammatory response

Question 3

Pyrogens

Answer 3

chemical secreted by leukocytes, RBC and macrophages when wxposed to bacteria and other foregin substances

Question 4

Macrophages

Answer 4

cheif phagocytic cells-wander throughout a region looking for cellular debris

Question 5

Neutrophils

Answer 5

become phagocytic when encountering infections material-help destroy pathogens by breaking them down with enzymes-kill one cell then die, can kill normal healthy cells, collection of dead neutrophils is called pus, most abundant WBC

Question 6

first line denfense

Answer 6

secure the borders - prevent a problem from happening in the first place; skin and mucus protection prevent entry of microorganisms

Question 7

second line defense

Answer 7

Mobilize quickly to block breach: antimicrobial proteins, phagocytes, and other cells localize the invasions, inflammation is the most important mechanism, repair the border is the desired solution

Question 8

third line defense

Answer 8

hunt down succssessful invaders - find/profile enemy, catch and stop invaders in bodily fluids, identify and destroy the infected body cells

Question 9

Mucosa

Answer 9

upper respiitory tract is cilliated - cillia sweep dust - and bacteria - laden mucus away from lower respitory passages

Question 10

Mast cell

Answer 10

dilates blood vessels and induces inflammation through relesae of histamines and heparin. Recruits macrophages and netorphils. Involved in wound healing and defense against pathogens but can also be responsible for allergic reactions
- connective tissue, mucous membranes

Question 11

Macrophage

Answer 11

Phagocytic cell that consumes forein pathogens and cancer cells. Stimulates response of other immune cells
- migrates from blood vessels into tissues

Question 12

NK cells

Answer 12

Kills tumor cells and virus-infected cells
- circulates in blood and migrates into tissues

Question 13

denditric cell

Answer 13

presents antigens on its surface, thereby triggering adaptive immunity
- presnt in epithelial tissue, skin, lung and tissue of digestive tract. Migrates to lymph nodes upon activation

Question 14

Monocyte

Answer 14

Differentiates into macrophages and dendtric cells in response to immflammation

Question 15

neutrophil

Answer 15

first responders at the site of infection and trama, phagocytic cell represents 50-60 percent of all leukocytes. Releases toxins that kill or inhibit bacteria and fungi and recruits oterh immune cells to the site of infection
- migrates from blood vessels to tissues

Question 16

Basophil

Answer 16

Responsible for defense against parasites. Releases istamines that cause inflammation and may be responsible for allergic reactions
- circulates in blood and migrates to tissues

Question 17

Eosinphil

Answer 17

Releases toxins that kill bacteria and parasites but also cause tissue damage
- circulates in blood and migrates to tissue

Question 18

innate immune system
aqquired/adaptive immune system

Answer 18

• you are born with it
• develops as you age
  functinal system that recongnizes specific foregin substances;acts to immoblize/destroy them; amplifies inflammatory response and sctivates complement

Question 19

Amplification

Answer 19

binding of a signalizing molecule molecule occurs and a signal sent throughout the body to notify them it is time to go into fight mode

Question 20

Antigen

Answer 20

a molescule that provides a specific immunt immune response

Question 21

b-cells and t-cells

Answer 21

have 2 overlapping arms: b-cells, humoral immunity (body fluid) and t-cells, cellular immunity