bio homeostasis excretory

Question 1

excretory system

Answer 1

eliminated waste
not like digestiveki

Question 2

kidneys

Answer 2

key organs in excretory
also regulates blood ph, salt concentrations and secretes some hormones

Question 3

renal cortex

Answer 3

outer area of kidney

Question 4

renal medulla

Answer 4

middle of kidney

Question 5

renal pelvis

Answer 5

central area of kidney

Question 6

nephrons

Answer 6

tiny filtration units in kidneys

Question 7

filter

Answer 7

top of each nephron the bowmans castle surrounds a capillary bed called glomerulus

Question 8

tubule

Answer 8

attatched to bowmans castle
long slender hairpin loop of tubing
reabsorbtion of useful substances
proximal tubule
loop of henle
distal tubule

Question 9

duct

Answer 9

larger tubule that collects filtrate from nephron and returs water to blood

Question 10

filtrate

Answer 10

contains some water and urine

Question 11

urine formation

Answer 11

glomerular litration
tubular reabsorbtion
secretion
water reabsorbtion

Question 12

glomerural filtration

Answer 12

blood travels from renal artery to afferent arteriole then to glomerulus
forced by blood pressure through capillaries in glomerulus to bowmans capsule
water and solutes leave body and become filtrate
blood leaves glomerulus through efferent arteriole

Question 13

tubular reabsorbtion

Answer 13

approx 65% filtrate reabsorbed into blood through passive and active transport
na, k and more actively transported from proximal tubule back into blood
negative ions follow water and osmosis
continues through loop of henle

Question 14

secretion

Answer 14

h and k ions actively secreted from blood to distal tube

Question 15

reabsorption through collecting duct

Answer 15

more water is reabsorbed by osmosis back into blood

Question 16

water/salt balance regulation

Answer 16

kidney
helps regulate blood pressure and volume
if blood too concentrated/dehydrated, hypothalamus stimulates posterior pituitary gland to release adh

Question 17

osmoreceptor

Answer 17

cells in hypothalamus that monitor osmotic pressure in blood

Question 18

adh

Answer 18

increases permability of cells in distal tubule and collectong duct causing more water to be reabsorbed into blood

Question 19

if na levels too low in blood

Answer 19

kidney detects
kidney relleases renin which activated adrenal cortex to release aldosterone causing exretion of k ions and reabsorbtion of na
causes more reabsorbtion of water in blood

Question 20

regulating blood ph

Answer 20

acid base buffer system
respiration centre
kidneys

Question 21

acid base byffer system

Answer 21

carbonic acid/carbonate ion buffer

Question 22

respiration centre

Answer 22

remove co2 from body

Question 23

kidneys (blood ph)

Answer 23

can extrete h and reabsorb hco3 and can excrete h through ammonia

Question 24

blood oxygen level

Answer 24

if o2 too low, kidneys release hormone epo to stimulate bone marrow to make more rbc

Question 25

blood calcium levels

Answer 25

if ca2 levels too low, parathyroid gland releases pth to stimulate kidney to release calcitriol to stimulate cell of digestive tract to absorb more ca2 from food

Question 26

uti

Answer 26

bacterial infection in kidney, ureter, bladder or urethra
pain during urination;/often/blood in
antibiotics

Question 27

kidney stones

Answer 27

small stones develop in renal pelvis of calcium phospate proteins
passed through urinary tract, may be broken up by ultrasound

Question 28

renal insuffiiency

Answer 28

lack of kidney function caused by
infection, injury, highblood pressure, diabetes
dialysis to clean blood
for kidney failur, transplant