bio final exam Flashcards
Thyroid stimulating hormone is produced by:
Anterior pituitary gland
brain controls memory and thinking
Cerebrum
the great vessel that return blood from the head to the heart
superior vena cava
the valve at the base of the aorta
semilunar valve
anti back flow valves are found in which blood vessels
veins
the second line of defense is
fever
ninety percent of blood cells are white blood cells
false
granulocytes include all of the following except
monocytes
pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood
true
structures sperm is stored and matured
epidydimis
large biological molecules are synthesized by removing
water
what maintains the secondary structure of a protein
hydrogen bonds
Adenosine triphosphate is an example of
nucleic acid
Cell drinking is known as
pinocytosis
the movement of molecules from an area of high to low concentration
active transport
the hydrophobic tails of a phospholipids bilayer are oriented towards the
interior of the plasma membrane
what primarily determines the shape of the cells that lack cell wall?
cytoskeleton
an organelle associated with packaging and delivery is the
golgi apparatus
An organelle associated food digestion in the cells is the
lysosome
the smallest unit that makes all matter is the
atom
which of the following is not a characteristic of water molecule?
low polarity
which of the following is a carbon group?
CO: Carbon Dioxide
B-Lymphocytes
are matured in the blood and involved in antibody-merited immunity (AMI)
T-Lymphocytes
are matured in the thymus gland and involve din cell mediated immunity (CMI)
Chlymadia
caused by bacterium named chlymadia trachments
Parturition
giving birth to a baby
Male reproductive system
responsible for producing, maturing, delivering and sustaining the male gametes(sperm cells)
At the age of puberty, hormone is released to the cell spermatogonia which never ends until the individual dies.
What is Epididymis?
where sperm is stored and matured
What is Vas Deferens?
transports sperm during ejaculation
Follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)
maturation of the egg
Luteninizing Hormone (LH)
ovulation: rupture of the egg
Female reproductive system
- responsible for producing, maturing, and sustaining female gametes(eggs).
- Consists of 2 ovaries ( where egg formation occurs: also produce estrogens and progesterone), uterine tubes(transports the egg toward the uterus, using cilia motion;also the site of fertilization)
- Ovaries fertilize the egg
What is the cervix?
narrow channel to prevent entry of foreign substances
What is ovulation?
Ovulation is the release of the egg that goes through the uterine tube. The rupture of the egg in the 14th or 15th day.
What is menopause?
menstrual cycle stops, no more ovulation at the age of 50-55
What is a zygote?
A zygote is the single cell that is formed from the 46 chromosomes from the sperm and egg.
What is fertilization?
Fertilization is when the sperm makes it’s way to the egg. The sperm fights with many other sperm cells to reach the egg and whichever sperm makes to first will make it’s way through the egg to get in.
What happens in the fourth week of fertilization? What is Organogenesis?
ORGANOGENESIS occurs where the three primary germ layers develop into their preprogrammed organs
- ectoderm: gives rise to the nervous system, skin, teeth, and endocrine glands
- mesoderm: gives the muscle, cartilages, bones, blood, and excretory system
endoderm: gives rise to the digestive, respiratory, and reproductive system
What is oxytocin?
When the head touches the layer of the cervix, OXYTOCIN is an estrogen that causes contraction to begin.
OXYTOCIN should not begin before the end of the nine months, if it does it can cause death to the mother.
What is plasma?
Plasma is the liquid portion of the blood
What is an artery?
An artery is the transport of blood away from the heart. The artery carries high blood pressure.
What are the veins?
Veins are the transport of blood (usually deoxygenated) back to the heart.
What is the capillaries?
Capillaries are the exchange of gasses and chemical substances with body cells.
What three substances are moved throughout your body? (Circulatory)
Plasma is 55% of your blood, 92% is water and !% is metabolites and wastes that the body transports.
What is hemoglobin?
Hemoglobin is the protein in the blood cells
What is Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, and Thrombocytes?
Erythrocytes: red blood cells
Leukocytes: while blood cells
Thrombocytes: platelets: for blood clot formation
What causes pernicious anemia?
pernicious anemia is the decrease of red blood cells when they body is not able to absorb enough vitamin B12.
What is erythropoietin?
a hormone from the kidneys to stimulate red blood cells production by the red bone marrow
What is lyphocytes?
lymphocytes attack foreign agents directly (under cell mediated immunity) or by forming antibodies (under antibody mediated immunity)
Blood Grouping
- Type 0 is the universal donor that is able to donate to every other blood type.
- Type AB, universal recipient, can receive blood from any other blood group since it has no antibodies but is not able to donate.
Where the biscupid valve located in the heart??
The biscupid valve is located between the ventricle and the left atrium.
Where is the triscupid valve located in the heart?
between the right atrium and right ventricle
What are the coronary arteries?
coronary arteries supply oxygenated blood to the cardiac muscle
What is bradycardia?
bradycardia is slow heart rate (
What is tachycardia?
fast heart rate ( >100 beats/min) normal during exercise or excitement, but can be induced by high body temperature, drugs, heart disease, anemia, or shock.
What is flutter?
Very high heart rate (>250 beats/min) which is usually pathological (e,g bacterial infection).
What correctly traces the path of urine?
-renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra
Which is the closest to the external surface of kidney?
cortex
The presecense of white blood cells in the urine is called
pyruvia
Vitamin D is also known as
Cholecalferol
Vitamin K is required for
blood clotting
minerals required for bone formation include
calcium and phosphorus
most digestion occurs in the
small intestine
nerve receptors for various sensations are
dermis
the outer layer of the skin is called
epidermis
Tissue found in the kidney and is used for secretion or absorption
simple cuboidal epithelium
the type of tissue is characterized by continuous loss and replacement
epithelial tissue (ex. skin cells)
blood is a type of
connective tissue
cardiac and smooth muscle are similar in that
both are involuntary
What is peripheral nervous system?
the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord
what is a sensory motor?
A sensory system is a part of the nervous system responsible for processing sensory information. A sensory system consists of sensory receptors, neural pathways, and parts of the brain involved in sensory perception.
what is the luteinizing hormone?
Luteinizing hormone is a hormone produced by gonadotropic cells in the anterior pituitary gland. In females, an acute rise of LH triggers ovulation and development of the corpus luteum.
Name the valve at the base of the aorta
semilunar valve
anti back flow valves are found in which blood vessel
veins
after leaving the pulmonary veins, blood next enters :
left atrium
which of the following is correct in the Dna and gene expression?
DNA, RNA, Protein
Cancer is
the result of mutation
platelets are also known as
thrombocytes
the outer membrane covering the embryo is the
placenta
name the germ layer that gives rise to the skin
ectoderm
what hormone is important in stimulating ovulation?
LH ( luiteinizing hormone)
Meiosis produces the cells with
half the number of chromosomes
In glycolosis _______ is oxidized and ______ is reduced
glucose and NAD
Failure of white blood cells to recognize your own cells are called:
autoimmune disease
what is the waste product produced during light reaction of photosynthesis?
oxygen
heart beats are initiated at
sinoatrial node
immovable joints are called
synarthrosis
