Bio Final Flashcards
The testes produces hormones called
Androgen( testicular hormone)
_____________lines the seminiferous tubules. And in this lining there are cubodial cells called________and tall and somatic cells called______________
- germinal epithelium
- primordial germ cells
- Sertoli cells ( nurse cells)
_________ are the ones that nourish(feed) developing sperms
Sertoli cells( nurse cells)
List the steps of primordial germ cells developing into sperm
- primordial germ cells
Through mitotic cell division
Produce large number of - spermatogonia (sperm mother cell) (they have 46 chromosomes)
Through mitotic division produce - primary spermatocytes(46 chromosome)
Through meiosis 1 produce - two haploid secoundary spermatocyte(23 chromosomes)
Through meiosis two produce - four haploid spermatid
Through spermiogenesis produce - 4 spermatozoa ( sperm )
Hermaphroditic species
Sex of both female and male within the same individual
Dioecious species
Separate male and female sexes
Himalayan rabbits are ________ Color in moderate temperatures
And ________ Color in cold temperatures
- white coloured coat
- black Coloured coat
Genetic disorders can be grouped into
- single gene disorder
- chromosome disorder
- multi factorial disorder
____________ and ____________ are examples of diagnostic tests to be taken durning pregnancy to find out if the baby had a genetic disorder or not
- Amniocentesis
- chorionic villus
Human gene editing technology is used to
Disrupt harmful genes or to repair mutated genes
Patient derived cellular gene therapy products use
Cells removed from the patient are genetically modified and then Returned to the patient
________ is one of the richest genetic resource centres in the world in terms of crop diversity
Ethiopia
What are the five major cereals that are the core of Ethiopias agriculture and food economy
- teff
- maize
- wheat
- sorghum and barley
_________ is the most recent and complex branch in the field of bioinformatics
Systems biology
How many muscles are in our body
700
Muscles make up ________ of the human body weight
Half
The cardiac muscle forms a thick middle layer between _____________ and ____________ with blood supplied to circulate via the ________________
- the outer layer of the heart wall( pericardium )
- the inner layer ( endocardium)
- coronary circulation
The cardiac muscle is an__________ muscle composed of tissues of the wall of the heart called_________
-involuntary striated
-myocardium
The skeletal muscles composes_______________ of total body mass
30 to 40%
The skeletal muscle fibers innervated by a single motor axon are called
a motor unit
What is Isometric
Doesn’t change the length
What is Concentric
shortening the muscle
What is Eccentric
lengthening the muscle fibers
Humans are born with over _________bones, but many of the bones fuse between birth and the end of maturity we are left with ___ bones
-300
-206
bones are strong and lightweight because they’re a combination of a protein called_______ and a molecule called_________
Collagen
calcium phosphate
Osteoblasts
involved in new bone formation
Osteocytes
are mature bone cells that help to mature bones of newborns.
____________break down bones and help them to form into correct shapes.
Osteoclasts
_____________are important in repair of fracture
Osteoprogenitor
Some examples of irregular bones are
Vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx , temporal, mandible, palatine, nasal
Some examples of flat bones are
Cranium (skull), ilium (pelvis), sternum, and ribs
What is the thorax? How many bones ? And what is it’s function
- sternum
- one
- Bind and handle the abdomen
What are saddle joints? And give some examples
-enables movement back and forth, side to side, and cannot rotate
- thumb base
What are Pivot( rotary or trochoid) joints? And give some examples?
one bone swivels( one revolve without turning the other ) in a ring
- examples are ulna, radius,
and neck
What are Condyloid joints and give some examples
joints that do not rotate but allow movements
finger and jaw
What does the seminal vesicle do ?
secretes fructose into the semen, which provides energy for the sperm
What does the prostate gland do ?
secretes an alkaline buffer into the semen to protect the sperm from the acidic environment of the vagina
What does the Cowper’s gland do ?
secretes mucus-rich fluids into the semen that may protect the sperm from acids in the urethra
The positive feedback leads to___________ and the negative feedback leads to____________
ovulation
menstruation
Women are born with________ at birth of which around_________ eggs reach puberty,_____ eggs mature and ovulate throughout our reproductive years.
-one to two million eggs
- 400,000
-400
About_________ after fertilization, the embryo attaches to the lining of the uterus
six days
Implantation is complete within ________ days
Nine or ten days
is a chart used to determine the expected ratios of the possible genotypes in the offspring of two parents (probabilities).
Punnet square
What is mono hybrid cross
- first you cross two pure lines
- this results in F1 generation which are all heterozygous dominant
- this are bred to the produce F2 generation In which there was a 3:1 ratio of dominant to recessive traits
is a cross between two traits of individuals at a time
A dihybrid cross
What is a test cross
It’s when we cross a known homozygous recessive (bb) and an unknown genotype of parent
What is a back cross
In a back cross, the F1 hybrid is crossed back with any of the parents, either recessive/or dominant.
What are the two alleles for the Rh factor and what are thier antigens
Rh + - Dominant Rhesus D antigen
Rh - ➡️ no antigen
________ is when there is a wrong number of chromosomes
Aneuploidy
_________ has the largest livestock population in Africa
Ethiopia
