Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

bio > BIO EXAM CP > Flashcards

BIO EXAM CP Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are the three parts of the cell theory?

A
  1. all living things are composed of cells
  2. cells are the basic unit of structure and function in all living things
  3. all cells come from preexisting cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how would you be able to recognize a prokaryotic cell under a microscope?

A

They don’t have a nucleus and are smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what cells enclose their DNA in a nucleus?

A

Eukaryotic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what does the nucleus do?

A

contains and stores DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what organelle breaks down other organelles and other cells?

A

lysosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what organelle converts chemical energy in food to compounds that the cell can use to make energy?

A

mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the solution has a higher solute concentration than solute concentration inside the cell.- what is this

A

hypertonic solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

the concentration of solute molecules is the same inside and outside the cell.- what is this?

A

isotonic solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration- what is this?

A

osmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

molecules that cannot directly diffuse across the membrabe, pass through special protein channels.- what is this?

A

facilitated diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

process by which molecules of a substance move from areas of high concentration of that substance to areas of lower concentration.

A

diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the movement of the materials accross the cell membrane w/o using cellular energy.

A

passive transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

an organism must maintain a relatively constant internal physical and chemical condition.- what is this?

A

homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

water channel proteins that allow water to flow through the membrane- what is this?

A

aquaporin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

large liqiuds are taken into the cell

A

pinocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

large solids are taken into the cell

A

phagocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the forcing out of substances from the cell membrane using vacuoles and vesicles

A

exocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

a vesicle forms that large molecules, clump of food or complete cells can be surrounded by and then forms a vacuole to pull the item into the cell. (bulk transport)- what is this?

A

endocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

the movement of molecules against a concentration differennce from an area of low cocentration to an area of higher concentration. REQUIRES ENERGY!!!!

A

active transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

the solution has a lower solute concentration than the cell.

A

hypotonic solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what happens to a red blood cell when placed in a hypertonic solution? *know the model HYPER DIE

A

the red blood cell shrivels bc of loss of osmotic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what happens to a red blood cell when placed in a isotonic solution? *know the model

A

red blood cell stays the same bc osmotic pressure stays the same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what happens to a red blood when placed in hypotonic solution? *know the model HYPO BLOW

A

the red blood cell (RBC) will LYSE (explode) bc osmotic pressure increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

the compound used by cells to store and release energy in order for the cell to do mechanical functions.

A

ATP (Adenosine Triphophate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what does ATP consist of? (3 thing)

A
  1. an adenine
  2. a 5 crabon sugar called ribose
  3. a 3 phosphate group
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

energy is released when the bond between the second and third phosphate groups is broken thus creating what?

A

ADP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

organisms that obtain food by consuming other living things

A

heterotrophs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

organisms that are capable of making their own food.

A

autotrophs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

autotrophs use the energy of sunlight to produce high-energy crabohydrates– suagars and startches– that can be used as food- what is this?

A

photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

light absorbing molecules

A

photosynthetic pigments

31
Q

what are photosynthetic organelles called?

A

chloroplasts

32
Q

chlorophyll pigments are in what membrane?

A

thylakoid membrane

33
Q

what is a granum?

A

stack of thylakoids

34
Q

chlorophyll absorbs light energy causing the electrons to become what?

A

energized

35
Q

what is the photosynthesis balanced equation?

A

6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2

36
Q

what is a light dependent reaction?

A

first set of reactions

37
Q

where do light dependent reactions take place?

A

thylakoid membrane

38
Q

where do organisms get the energy that they need?

A

from food.

39
Q

the amount of energy needed to raise the tenpertaure of 1 gram of water to 1 degree celcius is known as what?

A

calorie

40
Q

cells prefer to break bonds gradually and use what to produce other compounds like ATP

A

the stored energy

41
Q

what is the cell respiration formula?

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

42
Q

what are the stages of cellular respiration in order? (3)

A
  1. glycolysis
  2. The Krebs Cycle
  3. Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
43
Q

pathways that require oxygen (in air)

A

aerobic

44
Q

glucose is transformed into pyruvic acid- what is this known as?

A

glycolysis

45
Q

what gives a net gain pf 2 ATP per molecule of glucose?

A

ATP production

46
Q

pyruvic acid is broken down into crabon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting steps. Oxygen has to be present.- what is this?

A

Krebs Cycle

47
Q

what is the total ATP created per 1 glucose molecule in cellular respiration?

A

ATP= 38% total energy in glucose

48
Q

what is the total ATP created per 1 glucose molecule in cellular respiration?- from glycolysis

A

2

49
Q

what is the total ATP created per 1 glucose molecule in cellular respiration? from krebs cycle

A

2

50
Q

what is the total ATP created per 1 glucose molecule in cellular respiration? from ETC

A

34 ATP

51
Q

when a cell becomes larger, what is there a greater demand on?

A

DNA

52
Q

what happens to the volume when a cell becomes larger?

A

it increases faster than the surface area

53
Q

what happens if a cell becomes too large?

A

the cell membrane cannot get rid of wastes or bring in enough materials like food.

54
Q

whta solves the problem of a cell becoming too big?

A

cell division because the cell divides into 2 daughter cells.

55
Q

what does the cell do so that each cell has th exact same amount of original DNA?

A

it copies all DNA

56
Q

in what reproduction is the offspring genetically identical to the single parent

A

Asexual

57
Q

in what reproduction is there no exchange of DNA informtaion so no genetic diversity?

A

Asexual

58
Q

in what reproduction does it provide genetic diversity of the continuation of a species?

A

sexual

59
Q

how many phases are there in interphase and what are they follwed by?

A

it has 3 phases which are followed by cell divison.

60
Q

what phase involves cell growth?

A

G 1 phase

61
Q

what phase involves DNA replication?

A

S phase

62
Q

what phase involves preparing for cell division (mitosis)

A

G 2 phase

63
Q

in what phase do cells increase in size?

A

G 1 phase

64
Q

in what phase is there intense growth and activity?

A

G 1 phase

65
Q

when are centrioles duplicated?

A

in G 1 phase

66
Q

in what phase is new DNA synthesized when the chromosomes replicate?

A

S phase

67
Q

when do chromosomes become visible?

A

in M phase (cell divison)

68
Q

what are the mitosis phases in order?

A

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

69
Q

what is the longest phase of mitosis?

A

prophase

70
Q

when do the duplicated strands (sister chromatid) attach at the center (centromere)?

A

in prophase

71
Q

in what mitosis phase do the centrioles begin moving to opposite poles and the spindle (microtubles) connect between them?

A

prophase

72
Q

in what phase do the chromatid attach to the middle of the spindle at their centromeres?

A

metaphase

73
Q

in what phase does the spindle tell- the sister chromatids seperate at the centromere?

A

anaphase

74
Q

in cytokinesis does a cell plate form in between the rigid cell wall in plant or animal cells?

A

plant cells

bio (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions