BIO CH 20 Pt. 1 TEST

Question 1

what is a virus?

Answer 1

non living particle made of proteins, nucleic acids, and sometimes, lipids

Question 2

what surrounds all viruses and wat is is made of?

Answer 2

capsid, made of protein

Question 3

what does a virus have inside that has the instructions for making copies of the virus?

Answer 3

most have RNA and some have DNA . never both

Question 4

TRUE OR FALSE- Viruses only come in three shapes, three sizes and two structures.

Answer 4

FALSE they come in many

Question 5

what is on the outside of a virus that acts as identifiers

Answer 5

proteins

Question 6

what do specific proteins on the outside of a virus do? Why do they do this?

Answer 6

they act as identifiers to recognize and bind to specific receptors

Question 7

most viruses infect a ________ cell.

Answer 7

very specific

Question 8

what are viruses that only infect bacteria called?

Answer 8

bacteriophages.

Question 9

why are viruses not living?

Answer 9

they cannot reproduce on their own.

Question 10

what are two types of viral infections.

Answer 10

lytic and lysogenic

Question 11

what does it mean to lyse the cell?

Answer 11

the cell bursts open releasing the virus particles.

Question 12

which of the two viruses automatically begins chopping up the host cell’s DNA?

Answer 12

lytic

Question 13

which viral infection never leaves your body? Why?

Answer 13

Lysogenic bc it places DNA into host DNA

Question 14

what is a prophage?

Answer 14

viral DNA inserted into host DNA

Question 15

what are two ways that viruses cause disease?

Answer 15

They directly destroy living cells or affect cellular processes in ways that upset homeostasis.

Question 16

BE ABLE TO LABEL THE T4 BACTERIOPHAGE!!!!

Answer 16

.

Question 17

what are two ways that we can prevent viruses? explain both in detail.

Answer 17

You can get a vaccination. A vaccination is an injection of a vaccine. A vaccine is a weakened virus. Or a vaccine can be a similar but less dangerous pathogen. Vaccines are used to produce immunity in the body. Also you can practice personal hygiene by keeping yourself clean. When washing your hands you prevent the virus by dislodging viruses. After you have been sick you should change out your toothbrush for a newer one.

Question 18

What treatments do we have for viruses?

Answer 18

We treat viruses by using anti-viral drugs. Anti-viral drugs attack specific viral enzymes that host cells do not have. These help to speed the recovery of the virus. These anti-viral drugs can stop activation.

Question 19

BE ABLE TO recognize a lytic infect cycle.

be able to recognize a lysogenic infection cycle

understand each part of the lytic and lysogenic diagram from your notes.

Answer 19

.

Question 20

what happens in the first phase of the lytic virus infection, attachment?

Answer 20

virus proteins bind to matching responders on the cell’s surface

Question 21

what happens in the second phase of the lytic virus infection, penetration?

Answer 21

the virus injects its genetic material.

Question 22

what happens in the third phase of the lytic virus infection, biosynthesis?

Answer 22

host DNA chopped up and new viral proteins are made.

Question 23

what happens in the fourth phase of the lytic virus infection, maturation?

Answer 23

the viral DNA assembles into virus particles

Question 24

what happens in the fifth and final phase of the lytic virus infection, lysis?

Answer 24

lyse- the cell bursts open releasing the virus particles.

Question 25

certain factrs determine what?

Answer 25

whether the lytic cycle is induced or the lysogenic cycle is entered

Question 26

what happens in the lysogenic cycle first?

Answer 26

Phage DNA integrates into the bacterial chromosome, becoming a prophage

Question 27

wat happens in the lysogenic cycle second?

Answer 27

the bacterium reproduces normally, copying the prophage and transmitting it to the daughter cells.

Question 28

wat happens in the lysogenic cycle third?

Answer 28

occasionally, a prophage exts the bacterial chromosome, initiating a lytic cycle.