Bio Exam #4

Question 1

To make ATP in chloroplasts, ATP synthase directly uses

Answer 1

The proton-motive force

Question 2

The extracellular layer in animals is…

Answer 2

a protective layer; solid

Question 3

Signaling hormone that is carried throughout the organism to distant cells

Answer 3

endocrine

Question 4

DEFINE: Cadherin

Answer 4

Specific adhesion proteins found in desmosomes

Question 5

What is oxidized in lactic acid fermentation?

Answer 5

NADH to NAD+

Question 6

What does RUBISCO do?

Answer 6

Catalyzes the incorporation of CO2 in the light-independent reactions

Question 7

Where is the calvin cycle located?

Answer 7

Stroma

Question 8

What establishes the resting membrane potential in neurons?

Answer 8

Potassium leak channels

Question 9

Plasmodesmata can connect

Answer 9

Adjacent plant cells

Question 10

Why is action potential “all-or-none”?

Answer 10

The potentials are all the same magnitude, but will not occur unless the threshold potential is reached

Question 11

What do the dendrites of a postsynaptic cell convert?

Answer 11

Chemical signal into electrical signal

Question 12

____ bind to integrins and connect them with the extracellular matrix to resist tension

Answer 12

Laminins

Question 13

A neuronal cell at rest as a _____ membrane potential

Answer 13

Negative

Question 14

What is the final electron acceptor in the mitochondrial electron transport chain?

Answer 14

Oxygen

Question 15

What is the final electron acceptor in the chloroplast electron transport chain?

Answer 15

NADP+

Question 16

What do cascades do?

Answer 16

Amplify

Question 17

Hydrophobic = what type of receptors?

Answer 17

lipid-soluable

Question 18

What receptor is lipid-soluable?

Answer 18

Cytosolic

Question 19

Neurotransmitters stimulate a post-synaptic cell by…

Answer 19

binding to ligand-gated channels

Question 20

Which layer outside the plant cell membrane was made first?

Answer 20

Middle Lamella

Question 21

How to figure out what was made first in a plant cell membrane?

Answer 21

Whatever is furthest from the cell wall

Question 22

Each TURN of the citric acid cycle produces…

Answer 22

3 NADH

Question 23

Receptor tyrosine kinases do NOT…

Answer 23

Produce cAMP to activate other proteins

Question 24

What goes into one molecule of glucose?

Answer 24

6 CO2 + 4 ATP + 10 NADH + 2 FADH2

Question 25

How do carbon atoms enter the citric acid cycle?

Answer 25

acetyl-coA

Question 26

The light-capturing reactions of photosynthesis oxidize ____

Answer 26

Water

Question 27

Fatty acids are broken down into ___ by the process of ___

Answer 27

acetyl-CoA & Beta-oxidation

Question 28

Most of the ATP that is produced in mitochondria is made directly by?

Answer 28

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 29

What is true of an ion-channel-coupled receptor?

Answer 29

Ligand can change the shape of receptor

Question 30

What is collagen?

Answer 30

3 polypeptide chains wrapping around eachother

Question 31

The reduction phase of light-dependent reactions uses ___

Answer 31

NADPH

Question 32

What do cellulose microfibrils resist?

Answer 32

Tension as part of the cell wall of plant cells

Question 33

Beta-oxidation of fatty acids produces:

Answer 33

FADH2, NADH, and acetyl CoA

Question 34

What happens with the CO2 in the Calvin cycle?

Answer 34

CO2 from atmosphere is incorporated into organic molecules

Question 35

During the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis:

Answer 35

Protons flow through the ATP synthase into the stroma

Question 36

Cellular Respiration Formula:

Answer 36

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + NAD+ –> C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + NADH + ATP