Bio Exam 2 (Chapter 16)

Question 1

What are nucleotides made of? (3 things)

Answer 1

Pentose Sugar, Nitrogenous Base, and Phosphate Group

Question 2

Which nitrogenous bases pair together? (adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine)

Answer 2

Adenine and Thymine pair, Guanine and Cytosine pair

Question 3

How are the two DNA chains held together?

Answer 3

Hydrogen bonds

Question 4

Difference between a DNA and RNA nitrogenous base?

Answer 4

DNA contains deoxyribose and RNA contains ribose

Question 5

Of the nitrogenous bases, which are purines?

Answer 5

Guanine and Adenine

Question 6

Of the nitrogenous bases, which are pyrimidines?

Answer 6

Thymine, Cytosine, and Uracil

Question 7

What enzyme untwists the double helix at the replication forks and separates the two strands?

Answer 7

Helicase

Question 8

What bind to and stabilize single stranded DNA?

Answer 8

Single-strand binding proteins

Question 9

What synthesizes RNA primes during DNA replication

Answer 9

Primase

Question 10

What direction are proteins synthesized?

Answer 10

5’ to 3’

Question 11

What is the RNA that initiates DNA synthesis

Answer 11

RNA primer

Question 12

What is the Y shaped region where the parental strands of DNA being unwound at the end of each replication bubble?

Answer 12

Replication Fork

Question 13

What are short stretches of DNA that a specific sequence of nucleotides where the replication of chromosomal DNA begins?

Answer 13

Origin of replication

Question 14

What relives over winding strain ahead of replication forks by breaking, swiveling, and rejoining DNA strands?

Answer 14

Topoisomerase

Question 15

What uses parental DNA as a template, synthesizes new DNA by adding nucleotides to an RNA primer or a pre-existing DNA strand?

Answer 15

DNA Polymerase III

Question 16

What removes RNA primers and fills the gaps between Okazaki fragments?

Answer 16

DNA Polymerase I

Question 17

What joins facilitates the formation of a phosphodiester bond and joins two DNA strands?

Answer 17

DNA Ligase

Question 18

What is a single DNA strand that, during DNA replication, is replicated in the 3’ – 5’ direction

Answer 18

Leading Strand

Question 19

What is a single DNA strand that, during DNA replication, is replicated in the 5′ – 3′ direction

Answer 19

Lagging Strand