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Bio 203 > bio exam 2 > Flashcards

bio exam 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

actin

A

Double-stranded twisted chains composed of globular protein subunits; compose mycrofilaments of cytoskeleton.

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2
Q

interneuron

A

Neuron of the spinal cord and brain that connects a sensory neuron to a motor neuron; neuron that supports the connection of input to output within a neural circuit.

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2
Q

artery

A

Carries blood away from the heart.

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2
Q

atrioventricular node (AV node)

A

Relay point that delays the signal long enough for the atria to completely empty before the ventricle contracts.

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2
Q

diastolic pressure

A

Pressure on arterial walls when ventricle is not contracting.

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2
Q

anemia

A

Condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the body.

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3
Q

motor nerve

A

Collections of motor neuron axons that are bundled together and connect sensory input from a receptor system to a motor (muscle) system.

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3
Q

arteriole

A

A medium sized blood vessel, smaller than arteries but bigger than cappillaries.

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3
Q

atrioventricular valve (AV valve)

A

The heart valve regulating directional blood flow through a heart atrium and ventricle.

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3
Q

endothelium

A

Tissue lining the walls of blood vessels.

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3
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

Condition caused by deposition of plaques on the artery walls, interferring with blood flow; “hardening” of the arteries.

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4
Q

muscle fiber

A

An individual muscle cell making up a muscle.

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4
Q

atrium

A

One of the upper chambers of the heart.

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4
Q

cardiac cycle

A

One complete cycle of contraction and relaxation of the heart.

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4
Q

hydrostatic pressure

A

Pressure of the blood on the walls of the vessels.

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4
Q

atherosclerosis

A

Condition caused by deposition of plaques on the artery walls, interferring with blood flow; “hardening” of the arteries.

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5
Q

myofibril

A

A bundle of myofilaments inside a striated muscle cell; contain light and dark bands.

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5
Q

capillary

A

Smallest blood vessel; connects arterioles and venules; site of gas and nutrient exchange.

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5
Q

cardiac output

A

Volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute.

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5
Q

lymph

A

Liquid inside the lymphatic capillary.

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5
Q

erythrocyte

A

Red blood cell; produced in bone marrow, carries hemoglobin and ferries oxygen through bloodstream cells in tissues.

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6
Q

myofilament

A

The functional protein of muscle contraction.

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6
Q

capillary bed

A

Complex network of capillaries.

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6
Q

diastole

A

The relaxation phase of the heart.

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6
Q

lymph nodes

A

Masses of lymphatic tissue which store and filter the lymph.

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6
Q

erythropoietin

A

Protein which controls the production of red blood cells.

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7
Q

myosin

A

The core protein within the “thick” filament; motor protein that binds actin and initiates muscle contraction.

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7
Q

cardiovascular system

A

Heart and all blood vessels in vertebrates.

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7
Q

heart murmur

A

Backflow or leakage of blood through a defective valve.

7
Q

lymphatic system

A

Network of vessels which carries lymph back to the upper body to drain into the blood system.

7
Q

hematocrit

A

Percentage of blood consisting of red blood cells.

8
Q

reflex arc

A

Sensory neuron to spinal cord to motor neuron pathway; allows a quick response to the stimulus.

8
Q

closed circulatory system

A

Heart pumps blood through a set of vessels separate from the cells and interstitial fluids.

8
Q

heart rate

A

Number of heart beats per minute.

8
Q

osmotic pressure

A

Pressure due to differences in concentrations of solutes inside the capillary and in the interstitial fluids.

8
Q

hemoglobin

A

A mammalian protein with an iron atom at its center. Each iron atom is able to bind to four oxygen atoms.

9
Q

sarcomere

A

Basic unit of muscle contraction; gives muscle striated appearance.

9
Q

double circulation

A

Blood passes through the heart twice during each cycle.

9
Q

heart valve

A

A connective tissue structure that can stop the blood flow into or out of the heart.

9
Q

systolic pressure

A

Force generated by the contraction of the ventricle.

9
Q

high-density lipoprotein

A

Good cholesterol; carrier protein that removes cholesterol from cells, such as artery walls, and transports it to the liver.

10
Q

sensory nerve

A

Connects to the interneurons and then communicates with appropriate motor nerves.

10
Q

gastrovascular cavity

A

Simplest type of digestive structure, usually in cnidarians and platyhelminthes.

10
Q

semilunar valve

A

A type of heart valve separating the right ventricle from the pulmonary artery and the left ventricle from the aorta.

10
Q

vasoconstriction

A

Narrowing of blood vessels, reducing the circulation of blood near the surface; decreases heat transfer to the surface of the body.

10
Q

hypertension

A

High blood pressure.

11
Q

sensory receptor

A

Specialized receptor in a neuron or epithelial cell that detects chemical or physical stimuli from other cells or the environment; exists singly or in groups in the cell membrane.

11
Q

hemolymph

A

Blood-like fluid used by some insects, including arthropods.

11
Q

sinoatrial node (SA node)

A

Natural pacemaker in the wall of the right atrium.

11
Q

vasodilation

A

Widening of blood vessels near the skin; reduces the blood temperature by transferring heat to the surface of the skin.

11
Q

leukocyte

A

A white blood cell.

12
Q

skeletal muscle

A

Attached to bones and responsible for voluntary movement.

12
Q

open circulatory system

A

System in which the heart pumps hemolymph through a series of tubes into an open space called the hemocoel, where it bathes organs directly.

12
Q

stroke volume

A

Amount of blood pumped by ventricle per contraction.

12
Q

low-density lipoprotein

A

Bad cholesterol; carrier protein that transports cholesterol to cells and has a tendency to collect on the walls of arteries.

13
Q

sliding filament model

A

The sliding of the thick and thin filaments of muscle past each other during contractions.

13
Q

pulmonary circuit

A

Blood flow from right side of heart to lungs and back to left side of heart.

13
Q

systole

A

The contraction phase of the heart.

13
Q

plasma

A

Watery component of blood; transports substances throughout the body.

14
Q

tropomyosin

A

Protein involved in regulation of muscle contraction.

14
Q

pulmonary-cutaneous circuit

A

In amphibians lungs are weak and the skin is a major source of oxygen for the cells of the animal.

14
Q

platelet

A

A cell fragment lacking a nucleus; critical to physiological process of blood clotting.

15
Q

troponin

A

Protein involved in regulation of muscle contraction.

15
Q

single circulation

A

Blood passes through the heart once during each cycle.

15
Q

thrombus

A

Actual blood clot.

16
Q

troponin complex

A

Association of three regulatory proteins that control muscle contraction.

16
Q

systemic circuit

A

Blood flow from the left side of the heart to the body and back to the right side of the heart.

17
Q

vein

A

A blood vessel that carries blood toward the heart.

18
Q

ventricle

A

One of the lower chambers of the heart

19
Q

venule

A

A type of blood vessel that collects blood from capillaries; transition from arterial to venous system.

Bio 203 (3 decks)

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