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bio exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

actin

A

Double-stranded twisted chains composed of globular protein subunits; compose mycrofilaments of cytoskeleton.

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2
Q

interneuron

A

Neuron of the spinal cord and brain that connects a sensory neuron to a motor neuron; neuron that supports the connection of input to output within a neural circuit.

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2
Q

artery

A

Carries blood away from the heart.

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2
Q

atrioventricular node (AV node)

A

Relay point that delays the signal long enough for the atria to completely empty before the ventricle contracts.

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2
Q

diastolic pressure

A

Pressure on arterial walls when ventricle is not contracting.

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2
Q

anemia

A

Condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the body.

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3
Q

motor nerve

A

Collections of motor neuron axons that are bundled together and connect sensory input from a receptor system to a motor (muscle) system.

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3
Q

arteriole

A

A medium sized blood vessel, smaller than arteries but bigger than cappillaries.

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3
Q

atrioventricular valve (AV valve)

A

The heart valve regulating directional blood flow through a heart atrium and ventricle.

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3
Q

endothelium

A

Tissue lining the walls of blood vessels.

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3
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

Condition caused by deposition of plaques on the artery walls, interferring with blood flow; “hardening” of the arteries.

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4
Q

muscle fiber

A

An individual muscle cell making up a muscle.

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4
Q

atrium

A

One of the upper chambers of the heart.

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4
Q

cardiac cycle

A

One complete cycle of contraction and relaxation of the heart.

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4
Q

hydrostatic pressure

A

Pressure of the blood on the walls of the vessels.

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4
Q

atherosclerosis

A

Condition caused by deposition of plaques on the artery walls, interferring with blood flow; “hardening” of the arteries.

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5
Q

myofibril

A

A bundle of myofilaments inside a striated muscle cell; contain light and dark bands.

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5
Q

capillary

A

Smallest blood vessel; connects arterioles and venules; site of gas and nutrient exchange.

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5
Q

cardiac output

A

Volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute.

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5
Q

lymph

A

Liquid inside the lymphatic capillary.

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5
Q

erythrocyte

A

Red blood cell; produced in bone marrow, carries hemoglobin and ferries oxygen through bloodstream cells in tissues.

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6
Q

myofilament

A

The functional protein of muscle contraction.

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6
Q

capillary bed

A

Complex network of capillaries.

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6
Q

diastole

A

The relaxation phase of the heart.

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6
lymph nodes
Masses of lymphatic tissue which store and filter the lymph.
6
erythropoietin
Protein which controls the production of red blood cells.
7
myosin
The core protein within the "thick" filament; motor protein that binds actin and initiates muscle contraction.
7
cardiovascular system
Heart and all blood vessels in vertebrates.
7
heart murmur
Backflow or leakage of blood through a defective valve.
7
lymphatic system
Network of vessels which carries lymph back to the upper body to drain into the blood system.
7
hematocrit
Percentage of blood consisting of red blood cells.
8
reflex arc
Sensory neuron to spinal cord to motor neuron pathway; allows a quick response to the stimulus.
8
closed circulatory system
Heart pumps blood through a set of vessels separate from the cells and interstitial fluids.
8
heart rate
Number of heart beats per minute.
8
osmotic pressure
Pressure due to differences in concentrations of solutes inside the capillary and in the interstitial fluids.
8
hemoglobin
A mammalian protein with an iron atom at its center. Each iron atom is able to bind to four oxygen atoms.
9
sarcomere
Basic unit of muscle contraction; gives muscle striated appearance.
9
double circulation
Blood passes through the heart twice during each cycle.
9
heart valve
A connective tissue structure that can stop the blood flow into or out of the heart.
9
systolic pressure
Force generated by the contraction of the ventricle.
9
high-density lipoprotein
Good cholesterol; carrier protein that removes cholesterol from cells, such as artery walls, and transports it to the liver.
10
sensory nerve
Connects to the interneurons and then communicates with appropriate motor nerves.
10
gastrovascular cavity
Simplest type of digestive structure, usually in cnidarians and platyhelminthes.
10
semilunar valve
A type of heart valve separating the right ventricle from the pulmonary artery and the left ventricle from the aorta.
10
vasoconstriction
Narrowing of blood vessels, reducing the circulation of blood near the surface; decreases heat transfer to the surface of the body.
10
hypertension
High blood pressure.
11
sensory receptor
Specialized receptor in a neuron or epithelial cell that detects chemical or physical stimuli from other cells or the environment; exists singly or in groups in the cell membrane.
11
hemolymph
Blood-like fluid used by some insects, including arthropods.
11
sinoatrial node (SA node)
Natural pacemaker in the wall of the right atrium.
11
vasodilation
Widening of blood vessels near the skin; reduces the blood temperature by transferring heat to the surface of the skin.
11
leukocyte
A white blood cell.
12
skeletal muscle
Attached to bones and responsible for voluntary movement.
12
open circulatory system
System in which the heart pumps hemolymph through a series of tubes into an open space called the hemocoel, where it bathes organs directly.
12
stroke volume
Amount of blood pumped by ventricle per contraction.
12
low-density lipoprotein
Bad cholesterol; carrier protein that transports cholesterol to cells and has a tendency to collect on the walls of arteries.
13
sliding filament model
The sliding of the thick and thin filaments of muscle past each other during contractions.
13
pulmonary circuit
Blood flow from right side of heart to lungs and back to left side of heart.
13
systole
The contraction phase of the heart.
13
plasma
Watery component of blood; transports substances throughout the body.
14
tropomyosin
Protein involved in regulation of muscle contraction.
14
pulmonary-cutaneous circuit
In amphibians lungs are weak and the skin is a major source of oxygen for the cells of the animal.
14
platelet
A cell fragment lacking a nucleus; critical to physiological process of blood clotting.
15
troponin
Protein involved in regulation of muscle contraction.
15
single circulation
Blood passes through the heart once during each cycle.
15
thrombus
Actual blood clot.
16
troponin complex
Association of three regulatory proteins that control muscle contraction.
16
systemic circuit
Blood flow from the left side of the heart to the body and back to the right side of the heart.
17
vein
A blood vessel that carries blood toward the heart.
18
ventricle
One of the lower chambers of the heart
19
venule
A type of blood vessel that collects blood from capillaries; transition from arterial to venous system.

Bio 203 (3 decks)

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