Bio DOL Unit 2

Question 1

define the following vocabulary terms: reservoir, producer, consumer, decomposer (3.2)

Answer 1

RESERVOIR- any source of water or the atmosphere
PRODUCER (plants)- uses solar or chemical energy to produce their own “food”
CONSUMER (animals/humans)- rely on other organisms for energy and nutrients
DECOMPOSER (bacteria/fungi)- “feed” by chemically breaking down organic matter

Question 2

understand the importance of the following nutrient cycles: carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and water. (3.4)

Answer 2

CARBON:
IMPORTANCE: The carbon cycle is essential to living because it shapes our climate and is put into the atmosphere by consumers.
NITROGEN:
IMPORTANCE: The Nitrogen cycle is essential to living because it is an important nutrient for sustaining life and is found in soil, the air we breathe, and the water we drink.
PHOSPHORUS:
IMPORTANCE: The phosphorus cycle is essential to living organisms because it makes up your DNA + RNA.
WATER:
IMPORTANCE: The water cycle is essential to living organisms because it is how water gets to producers and consumers.

Question 3

understand the different parts of an atom (2.1)

Answer 3

ATOM: the smallest unit of matter, is neutral
PARTS OF AN ATOM:
NEUTRON (0): Neutral particle
PROTON (+): Positive particle
ELECTRON (-): Negative particle
NUCLEUS: Center part of the atom (holds the protons and neutrons)
MASS #: Total number of protons and neutrons.

Question 4

determine the following in regards to an atom of an element: atomic number, number of protons, number of neutrons, number of electrons, and mass number. (2.1)

Answer 4

Ex. Phosphorus (P) -15
PROTONS: 15 (same as atomic number)
NEUTRONS: 16 (mass number minus protons)
ELECTRONS: 15 (same as protons)
MASS NUMBER: 31 (protons + electrons)

Question 5

understanding of why carbon is essential for all living organisms. (2.3)

Answer 5

Carbon makes up the molecules inside all living organisms.

Question 6

understand how monomers become polymers and how polymers break down into monomers (polymerization (AKA: dehydration synthesis) and hydrolysis reactions). (2.3)

Answer 6

HYDROLOSIS REACTIONS: Breaking polymers into monomers.
POLYMERIZATION or CONDENSATION/DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS: How polymers are made by connecting 2 monomers.

Question 7

identify and understand the monomers, structures, and functions of the four main macromolecules (2.3)

Answer 7

CARBOHYDRATE- Hexagon
LIPIDS- Long Carbon Chains
PROTEINS- C, H, N, R connects to C with other things (See notes)
NUCLEIC ACIDS- Phosphate and Nitrogen Base connect to sugar

Question 8

understand how enzymes aid in cell processes (2.4)

Question 9

state what affects enzymatic activity (2.4)

Question 10

Ionic

Answer 10

attraction between positive ion and negative ion

Question 11

Non polar covelent

Answer 11

even sharing of electrons.

Question 12

adhesion

Answer 12

attraction between molecules of different substances.

Question 13

cohesion

Answer 13

attraction between molecules of the SAME substance.

Question 14

surface tension

Answer 14

pulled in different directions when underneath the water surface it is being pulled more ways than the water molecules on the surface

Question 15

heat capacity

Answer 15

Water has extremely high specific heat compared to other substances

Question 16

density

Answer 16

state of mass over volume (liquid) stuff taking up mass. The liquid is closer than a solid

Question 17

souliblility

Answer 17

dissolves another substance

Question 18

polar covelent

Answer 18

unequal sharing of electrons.