Bio \Diversity Flashcards

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1
Q

protostome

A

the blastospore in the embryo becomes the mouth first

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2
Q

deuterostome

A

the blastopore in the embryo becomes the anus

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3
Q

sessile

A

anchored in one place, cannot escape predators

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4
Q

radial symmetry

A

symmetry around a central axis

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5
Q

bilateral symmetry

A

left and right halves are mirror images

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6
Q

cnidocytes

A

stinging cells on tentacles,

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7
Q

coelum

A

internal body cavity, space between digestive tract and body wall

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8
Q

nematocysts

A

cell with a barb attached

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9
Q

dioecious

A

male and female reproductive organs in different individuals

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10
Q

hermaphrodites

A

can have male production when conditions are bad and can self-fertilize

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11
Q

metamerism

A

true segmentation

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12
Q

setae/ chaetae

A

hairlike extensions on thin external cuticle

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13
Q

spiracles

A

small openings on the side of the body which allow air in

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14
Q

book lungs

A

looks like books on a shelf, provide a large surface area for gas exchange in arthropods

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15
Q

book gills

A

gills of the horse crab made up of membranous folds

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16
Q

pentaradial

A

five rays of symmetry: seen in starfish, Echinodermata, sea urchins

17
Q

notochord

A

flexible rod-shaped structure thats found in the embryonic stages of all chordates, replaced by a vertebral column in vertebrates postnatal

18
Q

dorsal hollow nerve chord

A

located dorsal to notochord, develops into the CNS

19
Q

pharyngeal slits

A

openings in the pharynx that extend to outside environment

20
Q

post-anal tail

A

tail containing skeletal structures and muscles, extends beyond anus

21
Q

urochordata

A

tunicates, “tunic” composed of cellulose-like carbohydrate material. The adult form does not possess a notochord, dorsal hollow nerve chord, or post-anal tail, but the larvae do. Pharyngeal slits in both adult and larvae stage

22
Q

cephalochordata

A

notochord extends into head, filter feeders in sand and warm temperate

23
Q

craniata

A

organisms that have a cranium, jaw, and facial bones. Bilaterally symmetrical, include hagfish

24
Q

vertebrata

A

display all 4 characteristics of chordates but have a vertebrae column, derived from the notochord

more closely related to lancelets than tunicates

25
Q

cutaneous respiration

A

oxygen/ co2 exchange can happen through the skin

26
Q

tetrapod

A

four feet– mammals, amphibians, reptiles

27
Q

oviparous

A

eggs hatch after they’ve been laid, little embryonic development before being laid

28
Q

viviparous

A

live birth

29
Q

ovoviviparous

A

mother incubates the eggs internally, births eggs very close to hatching

30
Q

instinct

A

(nature) adaption occurs over generations by selection that results in the various behaviours we see

31
Q

learning

A

(nurture) behaviors are the result of each individual animal’s unique life experiances

32
Q

altruism

A

benefitting other animals to their own detriment

33
Q

kin selection

A

when an animal engages in self-sacrificial behavior that benefits the fitness of its relatives

34
Q

epigenetics

A

when gene expression is altered due to other gene expression in the genome or environmental factors

gene expression vs gene expression in genome/ env factors

35
Q

eusociality

A

cooperative brood care, overlapping generations, and a division of labor between reproductive and nonreproductive groups