Bio \Diversity Flashcards
protostome
the blastospore in the embryo becomes the mouth first
deuterostome
the blastopore in the embryo becomes the anus
sessile
anchored in one place, cannot escape predators
radial symmetry
symmetry around a central axis
bilateral symmetry
left and right halves are mirror images
cnidocytes
stinging cells on tentacles,
coelum
internal body cavity, space between digestive tract and body wall
nematocysts
cell with a barb attached
dioecious
male and female reproductive organs in different individuals
hermaphrodites
can have male production when conditions are bad and can self-fertilize
metamerism
true segmentation
setae/ chaetae
hairlike extensions on thin external cuticle
spiracles
small openings on the side of the body which allow air in
book lungs
looks like books on a shelf, provide a large surface area for gas exchange in arthropods
book gills
gills of the horse crab made up of membranous folds
pentaradial
five rays of symmetry: seen in starfish, Echinodermata, sea urchins
notochord
flexible rod-shaped structure thats found in the embryonic stages of all chordates, replaced by a vertebral column in vertebrates postnatal
dorsal hollow nerve chord
located dorsal to notochord, develops into the CNS
pharyngeal slits
openings in the pharynx that extend to outside environment
post-anal tail
tail containing skeletal structures and muscles, extends beyond anus
urochordata
tunicates, “tunic” composed of cellulose-like carbohydrate material. The adult form does not possess a notochord, dorsal hollow nerve chord, or post-anal tail, but the larvae do. Pharyngeal slits in both adult and larvae stage
cephalochordata
notochord extends into head, filter feeders in sand and warm temperate
craniata
organisms that have a cranium, jaw, and facial bones. Bilaterally symmetrical, include hagfish
vertebrata
display all 4 characteristics of chordates but have a vertebrae column, derived from the notochord
more closely related to lancelets than tunicates
cutaneous respiration
oxygen/ co2 exchange can happen through the skin
tetrapod
four feet– mammals, amphibians, reptiles
oviparous
eggs hatch after they’ve been laid, little embryonic development before being laid
viviparous
live birth
ovoviviparous
mother incubates the eggs internally, births eggs very close to hatching
instinct
(nature) adaption occurs over generations by selection that results in the various behaviours we see
learning
(nurture) behaviors are the result of each individual animal’s unique life experiances
altruism
benefitting other animals to their own detriment
kin selection
when an animal engages in self-sacrificial behavior that benefits the fitness of its relatives
epigenetics
when gene expression is altered due to other gene expression in the genome or environmental factors
gene expression vs gene expression in genome/ env factors
eusociality
cooperative brood care, overlapping generations, and a division of labor between reproductive and nonreproductive groups
