bio Chem quiz #2

Question 1

Inorganic:

Answer 1

Molecules contain C, H, or neither.

Question 2

Organic:

Answer 2

Molecules contain both C & H!

Question 3

Importance of CARBON to Organic Compounds

Answer 3

Contains 4 valence electrons & can make up to 4 more covalent bonds with other elements!

Question 4

Macromolecules:

Answer 4

LARGE molecules in living cells.

Question 5

Monomer:

Answer 5

one unit/molecul

Question 6

Polymer

Answer 6

many monomers bonded together.

Question 7

Carbohydrates:

Answer 7

Elements: C, H, O , monosaccharide, energy source, Often end in –ose, hexagon

Question 8

Monosaccharides:

Answer 8

• basic unit of carbohydrates – “simple sugar”
  -Glucose, fructose, galactose
• C 6 H 12 O 6

Question 9

Dehydration Synthesis:

Answer 9

• removal of water to bond monomers together to form polymers.
  -One less water is removed than the # of monomers bonded together

Question 10

Hydrolysis:

Answer 10

water is added to break polymers into monomers.

Question 11

Disaccharides:

Answer 11

-2 monosaccharides bonded together.
-Sucrose, maltose, lactose
- C 12 H 22 O 11

Question 12

Cellulose:

Answer 12

major plant cell wall component.

Question 12

Polysaccharides

Answer 12

• complex carb
  -macromolecules formed by MANY (few hundred-few thousand) monosaccharides bonded together.

Question 13

Starch:

Answer 13

energy/glucose storage molecule in plants.

Question 14

Glycogen:

Answer 14

energy/glucose storage molecule in animal liver cells.

Question 15

Chitin:

Answer 15

found in exoskeleton of insects & fungal cell walls.

Question 16

Lipids:

Answer 16

-Elements: C, H, O
-Monomer (basic unit): 1 Glycerol & 3 Fatty Acids
-Function: energy storage & component of cell membranes.
-rectangle

Question 17

Fatty Acids

Answer 17

very long hydrocarbon chains (nonpolar & hydrophobic)!
* can be saturated/unsaturated & differ/lipid

Question 17

Glycerol

Answer 17

same/lipid – C 3 H 8 O

Question 18

Saturated Fatty Acid:

Answer 18

hydrocarbon chain is “saturated” w/ as many H’s as possible (no C=C bonds) – does not bend!

Question 19

Unsaturated Fatty Acid:

Answer 19

hydrocarbon chain has double bond(s), allowing bending/kinking to occur!

Question 20

Phospholipids:

Answer 20

Component of cell membranes & form a lipid bilayer.
* Made up of a phosphate group, 1 glycerol & 2 fatty acids.
* Heads = hydrophilic (phosphate group has slight charge)
* Tails = hydrophobic (nonpolar hydrocarbon chains)

Question 21

Waxes:

Answer 21

Lipid-like molecules w/ diverse functions: *Form a cuticle on leaves – decreases water loss!
*Skin/fur maintenance.
*Ear wax!
*Bees wax makes honey combs ☺

Question 22

Polypeptides & Proteins:

Answer 22

-Elements: C, H, O, N
-Monomer (basic unit): amino acids
–Function: aids in metabolism - all of the dehydration synthesis & hydrolysis reactions in the body!
-block/square

Question 23

Hormones:

Answer 23

chemical messengers (influence metabolism)

Question 24

Pigments

Answer 24

colored proteins w/ essential roles

Question 25

Antibodies

Answer 25

detect antigens by their shape and aid in an immune respons

Question 26

Enzymes

Answer 26

speed up chemical reactions in ALL organisms

Question 27

Where do amino acids come from?

Answer 27

some must be consumed in your diet & others are synthesized (made) by your body!

Question 28

What Makes Each Protein Unique?

Answer 28

• Types of amino acids bonded together.
• Length of amino acid chain.
• Order of the amino acids used.
  (determine shape of protine)

Question 29

catalysts –

Answer 29

speed up chemical reactions while reducing the activation energy needed to jumpstart the reaction.
-metabloic reactions

Question 30

Activation Energy:

Answer 30

-amount of energy it takes to jumpstart a chemical reaction!
-Energy required to “contort the reactants” so bonds can break/change to form products.

Question 31

Enzyme Characteristics:

Answer 31

• A type of protein (made of amino acids)
  *Named after the substrate & end in –ase
  *HIGHLY SPECIFIC to ONE type of chemical reaction → specifically shaped active site! *Unchanged by the chemical reaction & reusable!

Question 32

Lock & Key Model Theory of Enzyme Action:

Answer 32

there is one specifically shaped type of enzyme that has an active site that fits specific substrate(s).

Question 33

Induced Fit:

Answer 33

Active site undergoes a slight shape change so it fits tightly around specific substrate.
*Enhances ability to catalyze the reaction!

Question 34

pH:

Answer 34

Extreme pH away from the optimal pH denatures the enzyme’s active site.

Question 35

Denature (Denaturation):

Answer 35

Enzyme’s active site changes shape so substrate no longer fits.

Question 36

nucleic acid

Answer 36

• C H O N P
• momomer - neucleotide
• stores and transmits heridetary info