Bio Chem Quiz #1

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Anything that takes up space and has mass

Question 2

Atoms

Answer 2

basic unit of matter, neutral overall charge, due to protons = electrons

Question 3

protons

Answer 3

positively charged subatomic particle, in nucleus

Question 4

neutrons

Answer 4

neutral/no charge subatomic in nucleus

Question 5

electron

Answer 5

negatively charged subatomic particles, in motion around the nucleus

Question 6

electron orbitals

Answer 6

volume of space where electrons are most often found, 1st shell max 2 electrons, 2nd shell max 8 electrons, 3rd shell max 8 electrons

Question 7

atomic number

Answer 7

number of protons

Question 8

mass number/ atomic mass

Answer 8

of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

Question 9

atoms without the maximum number of electrons in their outermost shell

Answer 9

become chemically reactive

Question 10

chemical bonds

Answer 10

bonds between atoms caused by valence electrons in the outermost shell. known as chemical reaction

Question 11

Reactants:

Answer 11

interacting
molecules/atoms

Question 12

Products:

Answer 12

resulting
substance(s)

Question 13

Molecular (Chemical) Formula:

Answer 13

shows the type & # of each element in a molecule.

Question 14

Structural Formula:

Answer 14

shows arrangement of elements bonded together (molecule shape).

Question 15

Electronegativity:

Answer 15

ability of an atom to attract electrons toward itself in a chemical bond.

Question 16

Bond Formation:

Answer 16

occurs due to
interactions b/w
valence electrons in
the outmost shells of
atoms.

Question 17

Ionic Bond:

Answer 17

electron transfer causes the attraction b/w the resulting ions.

Question 18

Ions:

Answer 18

positively/negatively charged atoms.

Question 19

Covalent Bond:

Answer 19

atoms share electrons to fill their outmost orbitals w/ max # of
electrons (valence orbitals overlap)

Question 20

Polar Covalent Bond:

Answer 20

unequal sharing of electrons due to electronegativity differences
b/w the atoms bonded together (causes charge separation)

Question 21

Nonpolar Covalent Bond:

Answer 21

Equal sharing of electrons b/w atoms with very similar/same
electronegativities.

Question 22

Hydrophobic Molecules:

Answer 22

Do not want to interact with the “charge
separation” on water. commonly non-polar covalent bonds

Question 23

Hydrophilic Molecules:

Answer 23

attracted to charge
separation in water
causing them to
dissolve in a solution.

Question 24

Hydrogen Bonding:

Answer 24

attraction between the slight
(+) charge of the H atom on
a molecule & slight (-)
charge of an atom on
another molecule.
* occurs b/w polar molecules.
* many H-bonds are collectively
STRONG!

Question 25

Water as a Solvent:

Answer 25

It’s polarity allows for dissolving of
ionic compounds & polar molecules
due to attraction b/w opposite
charges (hydrophilic!)

Question 26

Solution:

Answer 26

components of a mixture
are evenly distributed.

Question 27

Solute:

Answer 27

what is being
dissolved.

Question 28

Solvent:

Answer 28

does the
dissolving.

Question 29

Cohesion:

Answer 29

attraction b/w molecules
of SAME substance.

Question 30

Adhesion:

Answer 30

attraction b/w molecules
of different types of substances.

Question 31

Capillary Action:

Answer 31

cohesion & adhesion hold the
water column together as water
moves against gravity up the
xylem in a plant before

Question 32

Surface Tension:

Answer 32

water molecules @ surface
H-bond tightly to waters next to & below
them (rather than in all directions).

Question 33

pH Scale:

Answer 33

specifies the acidity/basicity of a solution.

Question 34

pH:

Answer 34

determined by H+ ion
concentration of a solution.

Question 35

Acid:

Answer 35

• pH below 7.0
• Excess of H+
• When dissolved in water, adds H+
  to the solution.

Question 36

Base:

Answer 36

• pH above 7.0
  *When in a solution,
  reduces [H+] by…
• Forming OH-
• Removing/accepting H+

Question 37

Neutral:

Answer 37

• pH = 7.0
• H+& OH-ions are in = [ ]